The Amman Citadel Inscription Again

Iron I sites in the northwestern Negev were identified as Philistine on the basis of the references to Philistines in this region in the book of Genesis, its proximity to Gaza, and the occurrence of Philistine pottery. Triggered by emerging discrepancies between the finds at these sites and the presumed Philistine attributes (e.g. the rarity of pork, hearths), this article aims to reevaluate the finds in the periphery of Philistia, mainly in the northwestern Negev, but also in the Shephelah and the Yarkon basin. A systematic examination of the data reveals a clear pattern in which the population of peripheral sites gradually adopted certain Philistine attributes (Philistine pottery and cooking jugs, which were avoided during the first phase of Philistine settlement), but continued to systematically avoid others (Aegean-type hearths and significant amounts of pork), and maintained clear and sharp boundaries with the Philistine centers. A thorough examination of the data suggests that most of the inhabitants in the periphery of Philistia were the descendants of the local Canaanite population of the Late Bronze Age, who were in the process of renegotiating their identity with the emerging ethnicities of the Philistines in the urban centers of the southern coastal plain and the Israelites farther west. While not forming a unified group, and probably being politically dominated by Philistia, the inhabitants of the settlements in the periphery of Philistia did not adopt a Philistine identity, maintained clear boundaries with the Philistines, and should not be treated as Philistines.     

New species of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts from the Maastrichtian–Danian boundary interval at Ouled Haddou,northern Morocco

Slimani, H., Louwye, S. & Toufiq, A., September 2012. New species of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts from the Maastrichtian–Danian boundary interval at Ouled Haddou, northern Morocco. Alcheringa 36, 341–358. ISSN 0311-5518.

Seven new dinoflagellate cyst species and subspecies, previously figured under open nomenclature, from Maastrichtian and Danian deposits of Ouled Haddou (eastern external Rif Chain) in northern Morocco are formally described, and their stratigraphic ranges are clarified. Conosphaeridium lifum sp. nov. and Kenleyia chabaka sp. nov. have fibrous and reticulate wall surfaces, respectively. Oligosphaeridium saghirum sp. nov. is a small cyst with funnel-shaped distal process extremities. Spiniferella cornuta subsp. kacira subsp. nov. and Fibrocysta brevispinosa sp. nov. are distinguishable by their very short processes. Riculacysta chaouka sp. nov. is characterized by its perforate spinose ectophragm. Andalusiella bacita sp. nov. is a small and spindle-shaped cyst with only a single antapical horn.     

书法景观旅游地游客地方感影响因素分析——以陕西汉中石门十三品为例

书法作为我国传统文化的象征,是旅游者地方文化感知的重要符号元素。本文选取了我国陕西汉中著名的书法碑刻群-"石门十三品"作为案例地,将游客地方感分为情感依恋、景观原真性、社会文化氛围、书法功能四个维度,构建了书法景观旅游地游客地方感影响因素模型。通过单因素方差分析,聚类分析得出游客年龄、对景区的熟悉度、旅游动机在情感依恋维度上的差异显著。距离对游客地方感的影响则主要体现在社会文化氛围维度上,而不同书法背景的游客则在书法功能维度上差异显著。地方理论与书法景观的应用研究为书法旅游资源的规划和管理提供了依据,具有一定的实践指导意义。     

武汉市24小时自助图书馆设立的空间效应研究

以武汉市中心城区为研究范围,综合运用核密度估计法、Ripley's L函数、标准差椭圆、Voronoi多边形和空间句法,系统分析武汉市24小时自助图书馆设立的空间效应,包括整体空间效应、服务范围及服务人口效应、可达性及穿行性效应。结果表明,24小时自助图书馆的设立:1使图书馆由单一集聚核心向多集聚核心转变,使图书馆空间集聚程度加强,整体呈现出"大分散,小集聚"的空间分布特征,空间分布方向向"E-W"方向顺时针旋转;2使图书馆的服务范围缩小,服务人口压力减小,但其长尾效应有待进一步发挥;3使图书馆的可达性略有提高,但使其穿行性显著增强,正在从根本上将读者获取图书资源的方式由"读者围着资源移动"转变为"让资源围着读者移动"。     

生命历程理论及其在长期空间行为研究中的应用

生命历程理论试图通过时间维度来建构生命事件与社会环境和个体等制约间的互动关系。空间行为研究逐步由形态描述向过程和机制研究转变。生命历程理论为长期空间行为研究提供了较新的研究视角。本文试图将社会空间元素融入生命历程理论中,将长期空间行为自身及其社会空间影响作为事件状态的重要内容,从轨迹、转折点、持续期等角度来分析长期空间行为的发展演化及其社会空间后果,利用事件状态变化的恰当时间(timing)和转折点,把事件状态变化动态地置于当时的历史情境中,分析长期空间行为与社会路线、个体路线之间的内在联系。建议尽快合作开展长期空间行为纵贯调查,加强数据共享和团队合作,这是加强国内人文地理学的微观、动态和过程研究的现实需要。     

农村居民点空间格局演变及效应研究评述

农村居民点空间分布及其格局演变受到区域自然、社会、经济及历史发展等多重因素的综合影响,是反映人地关系的"真实写照";通过梳理农村居民点用地规模、空间分布、结构体系、景观格局及其驱动机制,进一步归纳总结农村居民点空间格局演变反馈效应及其研究内容框架。本文通过文献综述法和归纳总结法,从农户生计转型、乡村社会关系重构、资源环境问题以及景观生态等方面梳理出农村居民点空间格局演变及效应研究的5个核心问题。从资源效应、环境效应、经济效应、社会效应和生态效应5个方面构建其互馈效应体系和研究内容框架。     

雅典外邦人的社会地位与历史作用

作为一个主要由外来移民所组成的社会阶层,外邦人(Metics)是解读雅典城邦社会形态的重要载体.古典时代,雅典的开放和繁荣吸引了大批的外邦人.由于雅典公民的重农轻商意识和对政治权利的垄断,外邦人不能从事农业生产与政治活动,但是在雅典的工商业与文化领域外邦人拥有相对自由的发展空间.雅典外邦人以其独特的社会地位为雅典城邦的繁荣和稳定发挥了不可或缺的特殊历史作用.     

Structure of grain boundaries in wet,synthetic polycrystalline,statically recrystallizing halite – evidence from cryo‐SEM observations

It is well known from nature and experiments that the presence of brine strongly affects the microstructural evolution and the mechanical and transport properties of halite. Existing interpretations of the grain boundary structure in deformed, wet, salt samples annealed statically at room temperature are based on indirect evidence from reflected light microscopy and conventional scanning electron microscopy. This paper presents direct observations of fluid‐filled grain boundaries using the cryogenic‐scanning electron microscope (cryo‐SEM) in which the grain boundary fluids were frozen before breaking the samples. The rapid cooling transforms the brine into two phases, i.e. ice and hydrohalite, which are easily recognized from characteristic segregation patterns. We studied samples of wet, synthetic, polycrystalline halite annealed under static conditions at room temperature. In coarse‐grained samples, fine‐scale segregation patterns were observed at the boundaries of the primary recrystallizing grains. These points indicate the existence of fluid films with a thickness in the range of 30 nm, but the finer scale structure of the fluid remains unknown. In fine‐grained samples, the distribution and reorganization of fluids with annealing time is recorded by the combination of contact healing and successive accumulation of fluids in triple junction tubes. The contact healing is attributed to the small initial grain size, such that the fluid film necks down by accumulating the fluids into previously existing triple junctions via neck growth. Electron backscatter diffraction measurements of both primary and secondary recrystallized grains indicate that they are euhedral, i.e. the grain growth morphology is controlled by the anisotropy of the grain boundary energy of the growing grain, which results in planar growth faces.     

Stable isotope data from the early Christian catacombs of ancient Rome: new insights into the dietary habits of Rome's early Christians

This study reports on the first attempt that determines the diet of a small but conceivably representative section of Rome's early Christian community by means of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N measurements on collagen extracted from twenty-two samples of human bone. Samples derive from the Liberian Region in the catacombs of St. Callixtus on the Appian Way—an area that has been radiocarbon dated to the period from the mid-3rd through early 5th century AD. Comparing our results to those produced for several other sites, we argue that this population's typical diet included freshwater fish. We also briefly discuss breastfeeding and the freshwater reservoir effect, to then explore the dietary, art historical, and possible sociological ramifications of our results.     

13～18世纪云贵川交界地区政区设置变化趋势研究

13-18世纪金沙江以东的云、贵、川交界地区在政区设置上产生了一系列变化,主要变化趋势表现在:在政区层级上,由繁而简;在基层政区设置的空间过程上,由外而内;在政区的实际控制上,由虚到实。这一时期本地区地方部族力量的不断减弱与中央权力的逐渐加强是导致这些变化趋势的主要原因。