民国时期的宁苏纠纷与省界调整(1927—1936)

1927年国民政府奠都南京后,南京与滞留市内的江苏省发生严重利益冲突。市方为解决问题提出扩大市区、重划省市界线,由此引发涉及划界之江宁县民的强烈抵制,使得双方原本单纯的行政和经济利益博弈因掺杂勘分省界更加复杂。双方厘清市权和扩大市区的过程一波三折,国民政府作为居中调停者的态度亦多次反复。整个事件的动态变迁过程,不仅凸显了近代以来地方主义兴起后地方纠纷的复杂性,也折射出国民政府高层的权力斗争和民族主义化的城市发展理念,以及中央与地方、政府与社会之间复杂而多元的互动关系及近代城市发展的若干特点。     

OBITUARIES

The crime of Claudius Ptolemy. By Robert R. Newton. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London. Pp. 411. Illustrated. Price £15.75.

London map‐sellers 1660–1720. A collection of advertisements for maps placed in the London Gazette 1668–1719 with biographical notes on the map‐sellers. By Sarah Tyacke. Tring, Hertfordshire, Map Collector Publications Limited, 1978. Pp. 160, illustrated. Price £12.

Heinrich Berghaus: der Kartograph von Potsdam. By Gerhard Enmglemann. Halle: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, 1977. 411p.: ill.; 24cm. Acta Historica Leopoldina; Nr 10.

Vývoj mapového zobrazení Slovenska [The development of mapping of Slovakia]. By Lubomír Viliam Prikryl. SAV Bratislava, 1977. Pp. 481, illustrated.

John Cary, Engraver, Map, Chart and Print‐Seller and Globe‐Maker 1714 to 1831. By Sir Herbert George Fordham. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1925. Reprinted by Wm. Dawsons &; Sons Ltd. 1976.     

And if they don't dance,they are no friends of mine: Exploring boundaries of national identity

National identity is widely used to explain anti-immigrant attitudes and thus the appeal for right-wing (populist) parties. Yet, consensus on how to capture national identity is lacking. This article identifies ideal-typical patterns of national boundary making across 42 countries and more than 25 years beyond the ethnic–civic dichotomy and addresses the multidimensionality of national identity. Using latent class analysis and cluster analysis, four ideal-typical conceptions of nationhood are identified and shown to be differently related to national attachment, national pride, and national chauvinism. Overall, the results close the methodological–empirical gap between classical approaches and recent inductive approaches to national identity and demonstrate that national identity is a cross-cultural phenomenon with distinct types.     

Definitions of Turkish in‐group boundaries: national participation and essentialism as predictors of inter‐group attitudes in Turkey

The present research investigates how definitions of national in‐group boundaries predict inter‐group attitudes in Turkey. In Study 1, we explore definitions of Turkish in‐group boundaries as well as perceptions of the Turkish in‐group's relations with other groups among 64 university students. In Study 2, conducted among 324 university students, exploratory factor analyses reveal two dimensions of Turkish in‐group boundaries: national participation (a more civic definition) and national essentialism (a more ethnic definition). They also reveal four dimensions of the relations with others. Regression analyses show that national participation predicts more negative inter‐group attitudes. However, national essentialism is not found to predict the inter‐group attitudes. These results are compared with those of previous studies, mostly conducted in Western countries. The comparison suggests that conclusions about the positive role of Civic and the negative role of Ethnic/Cultural definitions in intergroup relations may be less general than is previously thought.     

中印边界谈判的启动与进展

中国和印度曾因为边界问题发生争端和战争,这给中印关系的发展造成了深远的影响。直到20世纪80年代,随着中印关系的缓和,双方才逐步迈入了谈判解决中印边界问题的漫长历程。90年代前半期,双方就边界问题达成了一系列重要协定,中印边界谈判也随之顺利进行。此后,双方不仅就加快核实边界实际控制线进程达成共识,而且还签署了有关谈判解决边界问题政治指导原则的协定,使中印边界谈判取得了突破性的进展。但中印边界问题的彻底解决,还有待于在双方认可的政治指导原则的基础上继续努力,争取达成一项务实的操作方案。     

中缅边界问题研究述略

中缅边界问题是近代中国的历史遗留问题。从1885年清政府开始和英国交涉中缅边界问题,到1961年中华人民共和国和缅甸政府互换《中华人民共和国和缅甸联邦边界条约》批准书,这一问题的解决历时70多年。《中华人民共和国和缅甸联邦边界条约》是新中国成立以后     

Cryogenic vitrification and 3D serial sectioning using high resolution cryo‐FIB SEM technology for brine‐filled grain boundaries in halite: first results

The structure of brine films in grain boundaries of halite has been the subject of much controversy over the past 20 years; although a number of innovative methods have been developed to study these structures, much is still unknown and fundamental information is missing. In this study, we investigated different methods of plunge‐freezing to vitrify the brine fill of grain boundaries for natural salt polycrystal. This was followed by a preliminary study of the 3D morphology of a vitrified grain boundary in a natural rock salt sample with a focused ion beam (FIB) excavation system. We have shown that brine‐filled grain boundaries in rock salt can be efficiently well frozen when dimensions are less than about 1 mm. Coupled with an ion beam tool, cryo‐SEM allows 3D observation of the well‐frozen grain boundaries in large volumes and high resolution. Initial results of brine‐filled natural halite grain boundaries show non‐faceted crystal–brine interfaces and unexpectedly low dihedral angles at room temperature and pressure.     

边界效应与跨国界经济合作的地域模式——以东亚地区为例

边界是划分不同政治实体及其管辖地域的政治地理界线。国际边界对地区经济发展有屏障和中介两种效应,并在一定条件下可相互转化。从跨国界经济合作的角度,可划分出封闭型、半封闭型和开放型等边界类型,不同的边界类型对跨国界次区域经济合作的影响不同。边界效应在空间维上是可变的,通过空间扩散向腹地外延。文中图示了核心腹地、紧密腹地和边缘腹地三种类型。在经济全球化和区域经济集团化的推动下,开放型边界逐渐增多,跨国界次区域经济合作日益发展,成为区域经济集团化的一种重要表现形式。本文以边界经济合作发展迅速的东亚地区为研究样本,提出了边界跨国界经济合作的3种基本地域模式,即通道模式、贸易口岸模式和开发区模式,并探讨了各自在边界经济合作中的发展内涵及发展前景。     

明代州县区划及其沿革

明代州县增设改置的原因主要有三种：一是有历史的遗留,二是有自然地理环境的限制,三是有当时政治的制约。自然地理环境固然有其优势,但它不能把人完全隔绝;历史遗留和当时的政治,都是人为的因素。州县的增改、疆域的划分,无疑是人的因素起主导作用。分析明代740多个州县增改的原因,不但可以看出统治者为加强自身统治而花费的苦心,而且也可以看出州县的政治职能。     

印尼归侨身份“边界”流变初探

论文基于"边界"理论,将印尼归侨身份的"边界"建构放入纵向的时间维度探讨其"边界"的生成及变化。研究发现,印尼归侨身份的"边界"并非一成不变,而是在特定的社会情境下遭遇他我之别时所"框定"的。在印尼,他们身份"边界"的表述核心是对祖籍国的想象与认同。归国后,尤其是改革开放以来,其身份的"边界"表述则在自我和他者的"意会"中贴上了"印尼"标签,唤起的仅是对跨国经历和过去生活的记忆与怀想。这一分类实践的变化,在一定意义上反映了移民关于身份的界定和选择过程,映射了不同身份的"边界"所承载的资源与意义。