科技研究为官哥等窑的时空定位提供新思路

本工作结合古代文献和现代科学方法,讨论和研究了宋室南迁后建立的老虎洞窑和《坦斋笔衡》中所提到的内窑、修内司官窑之间的关系;老虎洞窑对汝窑及郊坛下窑所起的承前启后的作用;越窑、龙泉窑和南宋官窑所烧制青釉瓷在技术上的相互影响以及老虎洞窑宋元两个地层所出土的瓷片与南宋官窑瓷和传世哥窑瓷的时空定位。     

水溶性丙烯酸树脂在出土饱水漆木器脱水定型中的应用研究

为提高出土饱水漆木器脱水定型的效率,采用水溶性丙烯酸树脂对饱水漆木器进行了脱水定型试验,研究了不同状态下丙烯酸树脂对饱水漆木器的脱水效果。结果表明：使用水溶性丙烯酸树脂作为脱水定型材料,其脱水速率与相同浓度的PEG600相比提高了61％;脱水后器物外观尺寸最大收缩率为1．9％;抗吸湿性能提高了29．8％;脱水后器物的强度提高明显。     

明代琉璃陶烧造初论

古代的琉璃陶是中国陶瓷史上一个重要的品种,而明代的琉璃陶更是记录当时皇家建筑历史的重要见证,也是当时一个烧造较多、风格独特的重要陶器品种。几十年来,随着考古工作的深入进行,发现了大量明代琉璃陶文物和资料。本研究以明代琉璃陶烧造为主要内容,从考古发现和历史文献两个角度,对明代宫廷和藩王使用建筑用琉璃陶及陪葬使用琉璃陶俑、民间使用琉璃陶人像以及琉璃陶相关器物进行综合性叙述和梳理,也对明代琉璃陶的一些相关问题进行了研究。     

Study on the Material and Manufacturing Technology of Different Types of Longquan Ware Imitations from Dapu Kiln of Guangdong Province in the Ming Dynasty of China (ad 1368–1644)

Research on ancient Longquan wares and their imitations has attracted considerable attention. Using a series of experimental methods, including micro X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ‐XRF), X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), polarizing microscopy (PLM), dilatometry (DIL) and spectrophotometery, different samples of Longquan imitations from Dapu in Guangdong Province were collected and analysed. The study of different types of celadon from the Dapu kiln factories shows that the pale yellow body had a higher TFe₂O₃ content, and the body material must therefore have been treated differently or have come from a different source. The SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents in the body can be used as auxiliary parameters to identify Longquan wares and its imitations. The study also found that both kinds of glaze recipe—including calcium–alkali glaze and alkali–calcium glaze—existed in the Dapu products, which suggested that while imitating Longquan ware, the potters in Dapu also showed innovation in the recipe for the glaze material. Moreover, there were some differences in the TFe₂O₃ content, as well as the size, number and distribution of bubbles in the different types of glaze. Finally, the study revealed that the material of both the saggars and separators were composed of another porcelain clay, different from that of the celadon body. In addition, the white and compact body of the celadon had a higher firing temperature, of 1140–1187 °C, compared with other types of wares, which had a lower firing temperature of 1050–1080 °C.     

An archaeometric study of the Konya basin metallic ware through FTIR and XRD analysis with chemometrics: Central Anatolian Early Bronze Age ceramics

Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and chemometrics were used to characterize the mineralogical composition and firing conditions of 59 Early Bronze Age ceramic sherds from the Konya Plain (Turkey). These include the Konya Basin Metallic Ware (KBMW) and a control group of contemporary local products. The analysis indicates significant differences in mineral inclusions and firing temperatures, with KBMW generally being fired above 800°C and characterized by standardized fabric recipes. Assessed together with other published evidence, these results indicate a high degree of specialization in the production of KBMW ceramic assemblages in central Anatolia during the third millennium BCE.     

Archaeometric investigation of pottery from funerary gifts in Kal-e Chendar,Shami (Khuzestan,Iran)

Thirty fragments of red slip, glazed, common and cooking ware from Hellenistic and Parthian tombs at Kal-e Chendar in Shami (Iran) were investigated. Petrographic assemblage and chemometric evaluation of chemical data collected most samples in a large cluster, suggesting a common provenance, even in a quite wide area which includes Izeh plain and lowland Susiana, and underlining the presence of smaller very distinguished groupings. Surface finishing layers (both glazes and red slips) showed a high degree of alteration of their morphological features. Blue glazes are typical plant-ash, with copper as a colouring agent.     

20世纪上半叶龙泉瓷业生产形态

20世纪上半叶,龙泉的制瓷业虽几近颓废,但仍变换产品谋求生存,终使传统行业得以延续和传承。本文以详实的调查材料,从作坊的基本模式、生产经营、行规习俗及瓷业组织等方面考察了20世纪上半叶龙泉瓷业的生产形态。     

湖北随州枣树林墓地青铜器表面纹饰的填彩分析

春秋时期青铜器表面装饰技术发展迅速,装饰方法多样,纹样繁复,纹饰中多有填彩现象以凸显其表面图案的装饰性,但目前与此相关的科技分析较少——相关研究多围绕其艺术价值和文化含义展开,尤其是白色填彩的分析仍处于空白。湖北随州枣树林墓地是春秋时期诸侯国曾国的一处高等级贵族墓地,出土了大量的青铜器。本研究使用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜-能谱、X射线衍射和热裂解气相色谱-质谱联用等手段,对该墓地出土青铜器表面纹饰阴线中的白色填充物质进行分析,结果表明其主要成分为石英和某种黏土矿物混合而成。该研究为东周时期青铜器表面纹饰的填彩工艺提供了新的证据,可为相关研究提供借鉴。     

商周时期圈足铜器的三角形加强筋技术浅析

商周时期青铜器上的三角形加强筋技术主要用于觚、尊、簋、卣、壶、瓿、盘等圈足器的底部与圈足连接处,纵向延伸,上端较粗,承接铜器外底,下端向下延伸逐渐变细,多为等距或对称分布。加强筋的大小、数量多少的设置,根据器形因器而异,铜觚器体修长,圈足较高,加强筋多为2条或4条,纵向延伸较长,而铜簋、方彝等,底部面积较大,圈足粗矮,加强筋数量相对较多,纵向延伸较短。三角形加强筋技术起源于商代早期郑州商城陶鼎、铜鼎鼎耳与口沿连接处采用的加强筋技术,商代晚期至西周早期比较盛行,延用至春秋早期。商代晚期圈足铜器上使用较多,但又不仅限于圈足器,部分带鋬器,如爵、斝等,鋬的两端与鋬下腹壁连接处也有发现。其功能在于防止铸件连接处因凝固收缩的应力作用而出现裂纹,强化圈足器器底与圈足之间连接。     

殷墟玉礼器研究

殷墟玉器是研究殷商社会生活史的第一手资料,具有较高的学术价值。本文利用考古资料并结合文献,对殷墟玉礼器的演变发展、定名、造型、纹饰及其用途等问题,进行了研究,并探讨了它们所反映的商人的社会意识、生活习俗、用玉制度等问题。