华茶销售衰败与祁红统制运销中的官商权势纷争

民国年间,华茶的生产和销售与国际市场联系尤为紧密,其产销受到国民政府和商界的高度重视。由于受到国际茶叶市场供需关系的制约,华茶特别是红茶销售日益衰败。为振兴华茶,皖赣两省实施红茶统制运销政策,祁门红茶是统制运销的主要对象。官商之间为祁红统制运销的控制权展开博弈。华茶销售的衰败和祁红统制运销中的权势纷争凸显出民国现代化转型时期商业社会生态的变迁面相,在一定程度上折射出民国时期商业发展的步履艰难。     

Legitimacy and the virtual battlefield: putting the first-person shooter on the witness stand

Although much has been written on the abilities of the first-person shooter to advance neo-orientalist themes and US imperial agendas through its aesthetics and narrative, the author argues that by exploiting the porous institutional boundaries between military planners and the video-game industry, the hyperrealist shooter becomes a formidable and formative middle ground not only in reshaping understanding of and access to the nebulous and furtive world of discreet war, but also in filling its legitimacy gap.     

A Biographical Note on James Maxwell,Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod

This note seeks to clarify the course of the career of James Maxwell, gentleman usher of the black rod in several earlier Stuart parliaments. Maxwell was a Scot who followed James I south in 1603, serving in his household and that of Charles I, first as a gentleman usher daily waiter, and from 1619 as a groom of the bedchamber. In 1620 he secured the office of black rod. In 1642 he failed to follow the king to Oxford but remained with the parliament at Westminster, although largely delegating his duties as black rod to his associate, Alexander Thayne. In 1647, he was allowed by parliament to attend the king at Holdenby House. He died in 1650 as earl of Dirletoun in Scotland, although the circumstances in which he acquired this title are obscure.     

民国时期祁门红茶贷款案与银企关系的建立--关于上海金融资本对周边产业经济之控制

祁门红茶与上海交通银行贷款关系的成立 ,标志着农业产品的生产与销售活动受到金融资本的支配与控制。而在战前区域经济关系中 ,也说明中国内陆地区农业产品的生产者与贸易组织同沿海出口口岸的关系更为密切。本文重点考察作为中国出口大宗产品的祁门红茶与银行银企关系建立的过程、原因 ,及其金融支配与控制关系对于出口产品生产与销售的影响 ,以期说明农业产业组织的变迁与沿海及内陆区域经济关系形成问题。     

马尔科姆·X的早期思想轨迹

马尔科姆·X的早期思想主要是指他在黑人穆斯林期间的思想,比较偏颇、极端、激进和不切实际,其早期的黑人民族主义其实就是旧式的移民主义,基本上是一种“对外移民”、“内部建国”和“心理移民”的混合体。但把它放到当时的历史时空和语境下来看,也理应得到我们的理解乃至同情。     

Architectural decorations from the private buildings in the Market Square at Tamn

The architectural decorations in pre-Islamic Yemen feature a wide and heterogeneous range of materials. Their many functions cover different fields: domestic, religious, funeral architecture, grave goods (particularly censers and furnishings) and, last but not least, epigraphs. Thus the study of this class of materials requires a two-fold approach: on the one hand to identify and understand the various ornamental motifs in themselves; on the other to study which types of decorative motifs were applied in various circumstances, and hence what it is that links them to each other and to the structure they adorn. This work aims to provide a foundation for a thorough study of the decorative motifs on stonework in various contexts. We begin by defining the use of architectural decorations in the domestic sphere. The archaeological context of the Market Square at Tamna' is particularly suitable, in view of the number of houses brought to light, the amount of related materials found and, above all, because it represents a coherent urban context over a specific period of time.     

泥范法复原许公宁透空蟠虺纹青铜饰件研究

因对“许公宁透空蟠虺纹青铜饰件是先秦失蜡法工艺制作”这一论断存有质疑,故通过实验考古的手段,用泥范制作工艺对徐公宁透空蟠虺纹青铜饰件进行了复原,实验证明用6块组合外范和1块芯范即可浇铸出此饰件．关键是要在芯范上设计出可让铜水流到透空纹饰处的通道,而正是这些通道使浇铸后的饰件上形成了连接把手和透空纹饰的铜梗,这些铜梗是铸造透空纹饰的技术产物。泥范铸造实验成功铸出了徐公宁透空蟠虺纹青铜饰件,且其具有原器物的工艺特征,从而也说明了此饰件乃泥范铸造工艺的产物。     

“北胡”“西域”盐色与丝路交通地理

汉代以来盐史记忆中已经可以看到中原人对远方奇异盐产的印象。多处盐产地盐的异样色彩,与内地以往经济生产与饮食生活中的观察体会及消费经验有所不同。关于宿沙氏“煮海”传说盐色“五样”的情节,学者以为“异闻”。许多文献资料可见所谓“紫盐”“青盐”“黄盐”“赤盐”“黑盐”等记录。这些对于远方盐色的体会,是以长途交通实践为发现条件的。而早期丝绸之路史的记录,与相关盐史迹象存在某种关联。这一情形,值得交通地理与文化交流史研究者关注。     

Composition of white paste inlay on the pottery from sites of the 10th–8th centuries bce in the northern Pontic region

For the first time, the mineralogical–geochemical compositions of the white paste inlay found on vessels from sites (10th–8th centuries bce ) in the northern Pontic region are investigated. Samples of the white paste on vessels from settlements, burials of sedentary groups and graves of early nomads were analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Between the 10th and eighth centuries bce , various innovations occurred in the working area. Iron processing technology and the manufacture of iron products also appeared. Other innovations were changes in the manufacturing technology of ceramics. A high-quality, polished/burnished surface and ornaments with white paste inlay are characteristic of this pottery. When collating white paste mixtures of different European sites, similarities in the preparation of white paste recipes for vessels from the Balkan and northern Pontic regions are evident. During the Early Iron Age, further changes in the manufacture of the white paste were discovered in the northern Pontic region, namely the application of high-temperature firing to obtain more resistant synthesized material such as calcium alumosilicates and silicates (wollastonite). The development of iron metallurgy in this period could provide a basis for the elaboration of new techniques in ceramic manufacture.