试论楚文化对晚期蜀文化的影响

本文采用考古学方法,从青铜器、陶器、漆器、葬俗等方面,探讨了楚文化对晚期蜀文化的影响。认为以楚式青铜器对晚期蜀文化的影响为主,楚式漆器次之,陶器的影响微弱。楚国的部分葬俗也被蜀人所借鉴。秦灭蜀以前,在当时各列国中,楚文化对晚期蜀文化的影响最大。     

齐国及明代钱币的金相学考察

选择钱币发展过程中几个重要阶段的钱币样品,利用金相显微镜,扫描电子显微镜及x射线能谱仪检测分析钱币的金相结构及合金成分。检测数据揭示,各历史时期钱币合金的性质与化学方法检测的同一样品的合金成分比较吻合。齐刀币早期阶段含锡量较高,晚期阶段含铅量远高于含锡量,并且成分比较稳定,表明当时已有统一的规范。黄铜合金货币的合金成分随着时代的递增发生明显的变化,由锡黄铜向无锡黄铜转化,含铅量呈下降趋势,含锌量呈增加趋势,组织形态由a相黄铜转化为a B两相黄铜,由此完成了由铜-铅-锡青铜向黄铜乃至成熟黄铜的转变过程。     

Electrochemical Characterization and Dating of Archaeological Leaded Bronze Objects Using the Voltammetry of Immobilized Particles

The application of solid state electrochemistry techniques for the characterization and dating of leaded bronze objects is described. Characteristic voltammetric signatures of copper and lead corrosion products were used as markers of more or less prolonged corrosion periods. The proposed methodology was applied to samples from the Roman archaeological sites of Valeria (Spain) and Gadara (Jordan), Roman and medieval sites in Xàtiva (Spain), and modern statuary exhibited outdoors, on the campus of the Universitat Politècnica of Valencia, Spain, covering a time interval between the fourth to second century bc and the 20th century ad . For such samples, the ratio between the signals for copper and lead corrosion products decreased monotonically with the corrosion time. This variation was modelled on the basis of thermochemical and kinetic considerations, the experimental data being consistent with a potential rate law for the corrosion process.     

PMTA对青铜表面保护作用

研究了1-苯基-5-巯基四氮唑(PMTA)对青铜的缓蚀性能。经盐水浸泡试验和电化学测试证明,用 PMTA 处理过的青铜片抗 Cl~-腐蚀性能较好。电子能谱分析(AES 和 XPS)表明 PMTA 与青铜合金元素配位较大,因此推测 Cu_2O、SnO_2、PbO 等相互作用而形成复杂的络合物膜起了保护作用。     

The later prehistory of mainland Southeast Asia

Until the recent expansion of research into the prehistory of mainland Southeast Asia, the development of civilizations employing Indian religious and political concepts had been seen as a major fulcrum in the area's history. The prehistoric sequence in the area is reviewed, with particular attention being paid to evidence for ritual, display, exchange, and ranking behavior within lowland sedentary communities. These date to the two or three millennia preceding Indian contact. It is argued that already by the end of the prehistoric period, there were complex centralized societies with a long tradition of recognizing status differentials among individuals, affiliated groups, and communities. The sequence incorporates the exploitation of rice, and bronze and iron working. The chronology of these innovations is compared with that in China. It is not possible at present to argue for single or multiple origins, but the area of southern China is suggested as a crucial one in further research to resolve these issues.     

西周金文“佃人”身份考

西周铜器铭刻资料中习见的"佃人"一词,是指隶属于王朝或依附于贵族家族的农业人口,属于庶民阶层,而非传世文献中所记载的"甸师"、"甸人"与"田畯"之类的官师。这些"佃人",有他们自己的包括土地、生产工具和家畜在内的私产。他们在农官或私臣的带领和监督下,以耕作"公田"的劳役为形式,服务于大大小小的贵族阶层,受各级统治者的剥削。通过各方面的比较,他们的身份地位与当时的"仆庸"颇为相近,故"佃人"一词很可能就是"仆庸"的异称。     

释古文字中的“■”与“■”——兼释古玺中的“■”字

西周金文和战国晋系古玺中有一个从从世的字,旧有"朑"、"■"、"■"、"■"、"■"、"■"和"百世"合文等多种释法,莫衷一是。本文通过字形的比较分析,支持释"■"的观点,并进而指出"■"、"世"二字的古音相近,"■"实际上是一个两声字,是"世"字的异体。本文还通过对"■"字及与其形近诸字的形体辨析,指出战国齐系古玺中一个被释为"眅"的字应该改释为"■"。     

殷墟1004号王墓出土青铜胄研究

对商晚期都城殷墟遗址的1004号王墓出土的7件青铜胄进行了热电离质谱(TIMS)铅同位素比值分析和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)成分分析,数据显示铜胄的合金类型可分为两类——锡青铜和铅锡青铜,且其二者的铅同位素比值均处于高放射性成因铅范围。此研究结果为探索金属矿料的产地来源及此著名王墓的年代等问题提供了重要线索。     

《考工记》“戈体已倨已句二病”新探

戈体援与胡夹角之大小直接关系到戈、戟的使用功效,其变化是戈、戟形制演变的一个重要方面。《考工记》指出了援与胡夹角过大或过小对戈、戟功能的危害,并提出"倨句外博"的技术要求。本文运用力学分析的方法,对"戈体已倨已句二病"进行阐述,并对已有注释进行分析。《考工记》"戈体已倨已句"是指戈的两种功用对其形制的要求。也是对青铜戈、戟形制演变规律的技术总结。     

开封市博物馆收藏的几件商周有铭青铜器

本文对河南省开封市博物馆收藏的几件商周时期的有铭青铜器进行了介绍与考释,并就相关问题作了简单说明.