殷墟仿铜陶礼器墓试析

殷墟四期偏晚阶段出现仿铜陶礼器墓,其器物组合较固定,所含器类较全,学者对其认识不一。作者认为其出现有深刻的社会原因,同时又和人们的意识形态、思想变化密不可分,是人们对资源利用观念的一种转变。     

湖北荆门左塚楚墓群出土金属器研究

利用XRF、金相显微分析等手段对湖北省荆门市境内左冢楚墓群出土的金属器,特别是青铜器进行了测试分析,XRF分析表明该楚墓群出土的青铜器多为铜、锡、铅三元合金,且容器的锡含量低于兵器和工具,而铅含量则相反。金相分析显示左冢楚墓群出土青铜器多为铸造组织,其中3件铸后经过不同程度的加热;而热锻成形的器物有4件,其中有一件在锻后进行了冷加工。结果显示,此批青铜器合金成分比较科学、制作工艺比较先进。     

Cold-worked and annealed bronze objects and relevant motif techniques in the Chinese Bronze Age: Analysis of bronze sheets found at Songjia cemetery in Shaanxi,China

Six thin Chinese bronze chariot accessory sheets from Songjia cemetery in Shaanxi province were dated to the late Western Zhou dynasty (ninth to eighth centuries bce ) and analysed for their elemental composition and motif techniques. The objects were cold worked and annealed with embossed motifs and carved lines. This is the only case of cold working and annealing with embossed motifs and carved lines in China; these techniques may have come from or been influenced by other cultures. These findings are important for revealing the development of the cold-working, annealing techniques and relevant motif techniques in China.     

安徽青阳汪村出土青铜器的年代及其相关问题

安徽青阳县汪村出土青铜器单元明确、器物组合完整、器形风格新颖、文化内涵丰富。通过器物组合、形制和纹饰的比较分析,汪村出土青铜器的年代可以拟定为西周晚期,其形制特征反映了皖南与宁镇、江北以及中原地区青铜文化的互动与交流。汪村出土青铜器是构建皖南沿江地区西周青铜器编年的重要一环。     

江苏邗江胡场五号汉墓木牍、铜印及相关问题再考

江苏邗江胡场五号汉墓中木牍“文告牍”释文存在问题,将重文号“=”误解为冒号,将“辟”误解为“承”。“文告牍”性质是否为“告地策”,关键在于是否向地下鬼神通告亡人户籍,因此“文告牍”定名为“告地策”更为准确。汉墓中铜印读法应按照回文排列方式重新识读。木牍中“官司空”是专有名词,应释读为实有的机构与职官。     

也谈三角缘神兽镜

三角缘神兽镜的产地有魏镜说、吴镜说和特铸说三种,这三种说法都有缺漏。三角缘神兽镜的性质、产地、发展需以辩证的眼光看待并进行通盘动态式的考察,将各种说法完善总结。随时间推移和形势变化,三角缘神兽镜的性质和铸造者身份都有可能发生变化。     

Provenance of Early Bronze Age metal artefacts in Western Switzerland using elemental and lead isotopic compositions and their possible relation with copper minerals of the nearby Valais

Ten Early Bronze Age (BzA1, 2200–2000 BC) copper artefacts from the central Valais region from Switzerland were studied for their elemental composition and lead isotope ratios. In order to answer the archaeological question of a local copper supply, a database for copper minerals across the Valais (Switzerland) has been established. This database contains 69 data on lead isotope ratios as well as additional information on the minerals and geochemical associations for copper minerals from 38 locations in the Valais. Comparisons of the artefacts were also made with data pertaining to minerals from various deposits from Europe and Anatolia taken from the literature. The provenance of the materials is very diverse. Some of the data are compatible with the data from the copper mineral deposits of the Valais region. Moreover, three copper lunulae were identified as possibly Tuscan, which suggests contacts between Italy and the Valais region. This pattern also establishes a multiplicity of provenances for the metal and cultural influences in the Alpine environment of the Rhone Valley of Switzerland at the beginning of the Early Bronze Age.     

Long‐distance interaction in Urartu?: Provenance and composition of copper alloys from Ayanis,Turkey

The paper analyses tin bronze weaponry found at the first‐half‐of‐the‐seventh‐century‐BCE Urartian fortress in the Lake Van region of eastern Turkey. Examples of finely manufactured artefacts provide evidence for the consumption of high‐quality bronzes in a well‐defined elite context. This study tests for the presence or absence of long‐distance procurement of the raw materials used to produce status objects. The results of quantitative elemental and lead isotope abundance ratio analyses show that the bronzes were produced with varying copper tin alloys, and the copper was procured from several possible locations, including Anatolia and Cyprus.     

中国甘肃地区春秋战国时期镀锡青铜板带錾刻纹饰制作技术研究

在传统意义的"丝绸之路"开通之前,中西方文明其实已经接触和交流,这从大量出土文物中得到了印证。中国西北地区是传统丝绸之路的早期孕育之地,因此,研究此地区出土文物以及他们所携带和涵盖的文化因素,对在"一带一路"大背景下促进文物保护与当代社会建设有着重要意义。近年来,在中国西北地区出土一批春秋战国时期刻纹镀锡青铜板带,其板体轻薄,在变化丰富的几何形纹饰之上施以镀锡层,形成银白色表面。为探讨出土镀锡青铜板带纹饰制作技术,本工作利用三维视频显微镜观察三件甘肃天水地区采集镀锡青铜板带表面纹饰后发现,板带表面纹饰由四种饰线组合而成。其中一件具有典型性纹饰板带样品的金相组织显示,板带基体主要为铸态组织,在靠近短直线、长直线、曲线三种饰线下方金相组织显示有明显的加工退火痕迹,而宽凹槽饰线下方的基体为铸态组织。结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对宽凹槽纹饰表面微痕观察测试后,判定镀锡青铜板带表面短直线、长直线、曲线三种饰线为錾制,錾制工具为V形刃口錾刀,而宽凹槽饰线为刻制,刻制工具则为砣轮。     

MC‐ICP‐MS analyses of tin isotopes in Roman‐era bronze coins reveal temporal and spatial variation

Tin's small mass fractionation and the lack of accepted reference standards have hindered Sn isotopy in archaeology and conservation science. Because of ore field variation and potential fractionation during ore reduction, attempts to determine artefacts’ ore sources have been limited. After norming the fractionations to NIST 3161a (Lot #070330), significant differences in Sn isotope mass fractionation in Judaean bronze ‘Biblical’ coins minted by different rulers during the first centuries bce and ce were discovered. These variations and those in δ ⁶⁵Cu and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb are connected to historical events in the Levant.