我国宪法内容历次变动的思路、重点、特点及其原因分析

从我国实际情况出发、维护绝大多数中国人民的根本利益、建设富强民主文明的社会主义国家,是我国宪法内容变动的基本思路;经济制度和公民权利是我国宪法变动中的重要内容;非公有制经济地位由降低变为不断提高、坚持公有制由社会经济主体变为全部又变为主体、坚定不移地捍卫社会主义的基本原则、公民权利不断加强,是我国宪法内容变动的四大显著特点。我国宪法内容的历次变动,反映了社会主义革命与建设实践的要求,是对国情和社会主义建设规律认识的不断深化,是马克思主义理论探索的具体体现。     

Geoarchaeological insights from a Roman age incineration feature (ustrinum) at Enconsta de Sant'Ana (Lisbon,Portugal)

Ustrina are incineration funerary structures that are relatively common in Roman age cemeteries. Salvage excavations at Encosta de Sant'Ana (Lisbon, Portugal) in 2002 brought to light a part of the necropolis of the Roman town of Olisipo, including some ustrina. One of them, designated Burial 1 during fieldwork, is analyzed here from a geoarchaeological viewpoint to understand the formation processes of such an archaeological feature, namely its construction technique, use and function. The study of site context and subsurface pedofeatures, and the application of archaeological soil micromorphology, revealed that the ustrinum was constructed digging a hollow in bedrock and building a mud-brick ridge around it, with raw material taken from the local bedrock. The structure was used at various times and remodelled at least once, and its base was not always thoroughly cleaned – according to the custom called “pars pro toto” by Roman authors – and probably left open when not in use.     

The social contract of artists in the era of cultural industries

The aim of this paper is to analyse the growing emphasis on the concepts of the experience economy, creative industries, and cultural industries as ways in which the social contract of artists is negotiated. What expectations are directed towards the artistic profession and how is the contribution of artists to society and their work conditions constructed by these concepts? The paper applies the concept of social contract from the sociology of professions which enables a focus on the artistic profession not only in an internal arts world perspective, but also in a broader societal frame. The study presented was carried out in a Norwegian context. Empirically, the paper is based on 28 applied research reports.     

The Dancers Who Became Transformed into Wood: the mai masks of the Iatmul,Papua New Guinea

Borrowing, exchanging, and violent appropriation of ritual artefacts have been actions that have contributed to the development of cultural diversity within a particular frame of variations in the Middle Sepik region of Papua New Guinea. The mai masks of the Iatmul, already mentioned by Bateson, are the well‐documented result of a violent appropriation, as indigenous evidence shows. However, the ‘model’ which served for the mai were ritual dancers captured in the Alexander Mountains. These dancers displayed heavily painted faces (but no masks) and rich body decoration. In the process of making the powerful ‘model’ into one of their own, the Iatmul artists transformed the painted faces into carvings according to their preferred material of artistic expressions, wood, and their predilection for the interplay of elevated and deepened surfaces. As this article shows, the creation of mai as (enlivened) persons needs the establishment of socio‐cosmological relationships in which ancestral spirits and ‘natural’ substances are crucially involved. Thus, apart from sculpting as making, actions of growing are essential for turning the masks into beings endowed with ancestral power.     

浅谈藏族服饰艺术渊源

民族服饰在民族学、考古学中占有重要位置。本文比较详细地阐述了藏族服饰的形成过程、发展演变、艺术风格、特点、各居住区域之间的异同等各种情况。对于研究藏族形成和发展的历史具有重要的价值     

发展中的甘肃博物馆事业

博物馆事业的质量和规模 ,是衡量一个国家和地区科学文化发展水平的重要标志之一。本文在对甘肃省博物馆事业的发展状况、取得的成绩、存在的问题进行分析论述的同时 ,提出了改进的意见和建议     

The frequency of os acromiale in the Robert J. Terry Collection

Normal fusion of the acromion process in humans begins at about age 15 and should complete ossification by age 22–25. Os acromiale occurs when fusion of the acromial epiphysis does not follow its normal ossification pattern, resulting in the retention of a separate epiphyseal end to the acromial process. Depending on how the metaphyseal junctures fuse, differential size and shape of the unattached acromial segment is produced. As a result of shoulder anatomy and the mobile epiphysis, os acromiale is associated with shoulder impingement and rotator cuff problems. The purpose of this study is to document the frequency of os acromiale in the Robert J. Terry Collection and gain a perspective on the occurrence of os acromiale in this specific US population. The overall frequency of os acromiale in the sample of 1594 skeletons was 8.34%. This study also evaluates the prevalence of os acromiale between sexes and ancestral groups in the Terry Collection. Significant frequency differences in the expression of os acromiale were found between both ancestry and sex; the black male sample has the highest frequency (12.47%), with a lower occurrence in the black female sample (9.22%). The white sample exhibited observably lower frequencies, with the white males at 6.8%, and white females at 3.2%. Size and shape and side expression (laterality) showed no significant differences between the sexes. However, significant differences in laterality by ancestry were observed; black males exhibited 48.3% bilateral expression, while white males exhibited bilateral expression only 29% of the time and 54.8% had a right lateral expression. Based on the results presented in this study, it is suggested that there is a genetic causation for os acromiale, which may or may not be exacerbated by physical activity. The use of this anomaly as an additional non‐metric feature in inferring familial relationships and personal identification is discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人的空间行为与公共秩序管理

本文从人的空间行为入手,分析了人的行为特征与空间的对应关系,探讨了针对人的空间行为进行公共秩序管理的具体方法。     

论金圣叹批评本《西厢记》的艺术体制

金圣叹批评本《西厢记》作为一个独立的《西厢记》评点本,在清代出现了诸多的版本,引起了戏曲界和出版界的广泛兴趣,这是一个值得探讨的现象。本文试从金圣叹批评本《西厢记》的结构体制出发,分别从其评点的主要形式——总批、节批和夹批,讨论其表现出的艺术特征,并简要分析"金批西厢"评点的思想内容和方法技巧,对其在思想和艺术上的得失做出了一定的评价。     

基于点云数据的秦始皇兵俑头面部特征提取与统计分析研究

考古出土的秦始皇兵俑是秦朝十分珍贵的实物资料,具有重大的历史、科学和艺术研究价值,其“千人千面”的特点更是备受关注,被认为是秦人的真实写照。现代人体测量中,头面部特征因其多受遗传因素作用,少受环境因素影响,被广泛应用于分析各民族之间的亲缘关系。通过采集50个样本的兵俑头部高精度三维点云数据并提取了头面部特征,运用样本相关性分析和数据大小排序的统计分析方法,与现代29个群体或地区头面部特征进行了对比研究。结果显示秦始皇兵俑样本的头面部特征完全各异且高度相关,同时与现代群体或地区的头面部特征差异性较小,定量化地明确了秦始皇兵俑的相关特点。