系统视角下的区域规划范式研究

信息化、市场化、人本主义的时代,需要从系统动态的角度来理解区域的本质及其规划。基于系统论的观点,本文认为区域规划是围绕现实与未来之间的区域系统"功能差"展开的一种创新过程,论述了区域规划的系统性、功能核心、创新性和主体性,并从区域系统角度对要素层面、结构层面、功能层面、主体控制层面进行了前沿领域的展望。     

旅游目的地系统空间结构耦合与优化研究——以福建省为例

本文采用分形理论、GIS空间分析技术及数理统计方法,对福建省旅游目的地子系统(旅游吸引物系统、旅游城镇系统、旅游交通系统)空间结构对的耦合关系进行判断分析,揭示福建省旅游目的地子系统空间分布的集聚程度以及相互作用的内在特征,最后提出构建福建省南北两大旅游目的地子系统;完善旅游城镇与旅游景区空间匹配;加快旅游景区与旅游交通系统协调建设以及重视区域旅游流集散枢纽建设等优化建议。     

Histological identification of bone fragments in archaeology: telling humans apart from horses and cattle

In archaeology, it is not always possible to identify bone fragments. A novel approach was chosen to assess the potential of histology as an identification tool in those instances in which macroscopical study (e.g. by means of bone surface texture) has failed. This study concentrated on the diaphyses of long bones in three species of comparable size which are relevant to archaeology. Late juvenile and adult human diaphyseal bone structure was compared with the bone structure of horses and cattle. Since bone structure can differ even within a single bone, the restrictions in terms of bone category, bone part and species were deemed necessary for the development of a useful identification method for archaeological bone. The reference series comprised long bones from several individuals to broaden the insight into variations in diaphyseal bone structure within a single species. A general difference in the primary bone types was found between humans and the two large mammals. Human bone displayed lamellar bone types, whereas horses and cattle showed fibrous bone types. The only exceptions were separated growth layers. A difference in the secondary bone structure was also observed. A large number of connecting, primary (Volkmann's) canals, giving the secondary bone a reticular aspect, were common in horses and cattle. They were not, however, present in the human bones studied. To confirm the validity and applicability of these differences, a blind test was conducted on 15 diaphyseal fragments of identified long bones from archaeological sites. The results were very promising. Although four fragments could not be identified due to severe degradation, all the others were correctly attributed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

国内外关于旅游产业集群的研究综述

国内外关于旅游产业集群的研究和实践逐渐增多,国外关于旅游产业集群的含义有三种不同的观点;而研究内容主要包括旅游产业集群的形成条件和竞争优势,集群中就业和劳动力分配,旅游产业集群中的企业网络和社会资本,旅游产业集群内企业的竞争和合作等;研究方法上注重多学科、多角度研究,实证研究和案例分析较多,但定量研究较为缺乏。国内对于旅游产业集群的研究刚刚起步,研究内容主要包括旅游产业集群的界定、形成条件和集聚机制,旅游产业集群的结构、类型和竞争优势等,着重于集群理论在旅游研究中的应用和旅游产业集群理论的构建,还未形成鲜明的学科研究特色和方法,案例研究极为缺乏;本文在分析了国内外旅游产业集群研究状况后,指出了我国未来旅游产业集群研究应重点关注旅游产业集群形成机制和演变规律、旅游产业集群的本地联系和外部联系、旅游产业集群的空间结构和布局以及政府在旅游产业集群发展和治理中的作用等方面的内容。     

ENSO influence on Holocene Aboriginal populations in Queensland, Australia

In the Pacific region, the onset of modern El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity at approximately 5000 years ago may have played a significant role in the development of cultures in the Pacific basin. Within Australia, similar trends in population and resource use have been identified but largely ascribed to cultural changes. To test human responses to changing ENSO activity through the Holocene we analysed a comprehensive suite of 710 radiocarbon ages from archaeological sites in ENSO-sensitive Queensland. We observe a dramatic and sustained increase in landscape activity at inland sites from 4860 ± 15 years ago, statistically indistinguishable from the timing of the onset of modern ENSO activity. Subsequent changes in long-term activity directly impacted on human populations indicating that once established, ENSO maintained a continuous influence on disparate cultures throughout the Pacific basin.     

A simple model of technological intensification

Ugan, Bright and Rogers [When is technology worth the trouble? Journal of Archaeological Science 30 (10) (2003) 1315–1329] develop procurement and processing versions of an optimization model, termed the tech investment model, to formalize the conditions that favor investing time in the manufacture of more productive but more costly technologies. Their approach captures the tradeoffs that occur as less costly versions are supplanted by more costly versions of the same category of technology (e.g., fishhooks), but not the tradeoffs that occur when more costly categories of technology supplant different but less costly categories used for the same purpose (e.g., hook and line vs. spear). We (i) propose an alternative model in which different categories of technology are characterized by separate cost–benefit curves, (ii) develop point-estimate and curve-estimate versions on this model, and (iii) show how they might be applied using the development of weaponry in aboriginal California as an example.     

张伯端及其后学考论

道教内丹学以精、、神为标识,以五派为支柱,其思想体系对于中国学术具有深刻影响。张伯端开创的道教内丹学南宗理论吸收儒、佛思想,主张三教融合,其内丹理论以性命双修为特色。张伯端的后继者坚守师法,传承有绪,注重印证,著述不断,丰富了道教内丹理论与实践。     

Before Antikythera: the First Underwater Archaeological Survey in Greece

The aim of this article is to introduce to the international bibliography a report submitted to the Archaeological Society of Athens by Ephor Christos Tsoundas in 1885 summarizing what was to be the first state-sponsored underwater archaeological survey in Greece, and potentially the first such survey in general. A brief introduction is followed by a translation of the decision to conduct the survey, as well as of the final report submitted the following year. The fascinating insight which Tsoundas demonstrates in the report allows us a glimpse of the beginnings of underwater archaeology at the worthy site of the Battle of Salamis.
© 2006 The Author     

文化现代化：梁漱溟乡村建设思想的着力点

本文通过对梁漱溟乡村建设思想的解读,认为梁漱溟乡村建设的着力点是文化现代化,通过文化的重建来解决当时的社会问题.梁漱溟文化重建的思路是建立能够沟通调和中西文化的乡村组织来重组乡村社会结构和唤起乡民的主体意识.这些观点为现阶段新农村建设中农村文化的现代化提供了理论上和实践上的借鉴.     

城市-区域系统内涵与机理研究——从城市、城市体系、城市群到城市-区域系统

城市与区域的互动一直是城市地理学、经济地理学、区域经济学研究的核心论题,并在经济全球化、城市区域化、城乡一体化背景下日益复杂化。城市-区域系统理论用单元模型来诠释城市-区域系统的互动方式,用系统来消除城乡二元结构的对立,并以加权voronio图来确定城市-区域系统单元的边界,从而把城市与乡村融为一个"一体化地域",由此提出了一个研究地域整合的新视角。在城市-区域系统视域下,中心城市是城市-区域系统的互动核心;城市体系是系统的"骨架"并体现其组织结构;城市群是承担特殊功能的城市-区域系统,须提升其内聚力和外联度,从而达到城市与区域高效互动、综合发展之目的。论文以中原城市群为例,提出了基于核心组织、内聚组织、外联组织和区域支撑四方面的整合建议。