中国古墨与现代墨元素成分研究

对中国古墨（汉墨、明墨与清墨）与不同产地的现代墨元素成分作了对比分析。用离子背散射测定墨中常量元素C、N、O的含量,用质子激发X荧光法测定微量元素K、Ca、Ti、Cu、Fe等10种元素的含量。实验结果表明,古墨中微量元素K、Ca的含量比现代徽墨、沪墨高10倍以上,而现代徽墨与沪墨中元素N和An的含量也有明显的差别。     

历史文化名城的旅游形象设计与实施策略——平遥古城的案例研究

本文在对文脉分析的基础上设计了平遥古城旅游区的一级理念和二级理念、视觉形象和行为形象,提出了40景组合的平遥古城旅游资源形象。     

Morphological study of the ancient dogs from three neolithic sites in China

Ancient Chinese dogs excavated at three archaeological sites and stored in the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica, were the object of this study (Xiawanggang site, 5000–6000 years BP; Keshengzhuang site, 3000–4000 years BP; Shangsunjia site, Bronze age). During these periods, there were large morphological variations in Chinese dogs beyond a single dog class, as with Jomon dogs. Dogs with a large ‘stop’ were already present in China but not in Japan. At the Keshengzhuang site, middle to large class dogs were also excavated. At least three types were confirmed within these dogs. In the aged dog in Xiawanggang, antemortem loss of many teeth was observed suggesting active use of the teeth and it is possible that this dog was used for hunting as were the Japanese Jomon dogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

安徽省图书馆藏《正德三年进士登科录》的修复

2013年初,为配合古籍数字化,安徽省图书馆开始修复馆藏《正德三年进士登科录》。通过分析破损现状、查找相关资料、咨询修复专家、制订修复方案、选配纸张、清洗书页、修补书页、书皮及托纸、修整书页、装订书册、残片修复与函套制作、完善修复记录,经精心修复,修复质量合格、效果满意。论文着重探讨了"古籍修复需要讲究依据"、灵活运用"修旧如旧"原则、保留修复资料等相关问题。此修复研究可为行业修复此类古籍提供相关借鉴。     

郑韩故城出土青铜器的矿料来源初步分析

基于富集在铜料中而保留其母矿信息的元素可以用于示踪青铜器的矿料来源,为了解郑韩故城青铜器的矿料来源,利用ICP-AES方法对郑韩故城出土东周时期青铜器的微量元素进行了检测。结果显示,21个青铜器样品微量元素特征具有相对一致性,推测可能具有相同的原料来源。与小双桥遗址出土青铜器的微量元素特征进行对比,二者存在明显的差异,说明从商代中期到春秋战国时期,这一地区的原料来源发生了改变。研究结果可为研究东周时期这一地区铜业发展状况提供线索。     

Determination of a kinship system using ancient DNA,mortuary practice,and historic records in an upper Canadian pioneer cemetery

Recovered and amplified ancient DNA (aDNA), from a historically documented 19th century Upper Canadian pioneer cemetery produced genotypes that were used to infer a past societal kinship system. While the results from multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) amplifications showed an unreliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product, a single locus HUMTH01 analysis yielded reproducible data and an allelic frequency pattern not statistically different from modern populations. Mitochondrial (mt) DNA HVR II data showed that a combined cemetery database exhibited reduced haplotype diversity indicators, as well as clusters of probable maternally related burials. The chronological persistence and replacement of mtDNA clusters approximately every two generations suggests a patrilineal/patrilocal kinship structure from a virilocal burial program for the Harmony Road cemetery. Through the integration of the aDNA analysis with archaeological material culture, historic records, and other ethnohistoric sources of information, this conclusion is supported. In this study persisting patrilineally inherited surnames act as a surrogate for aDNA Y‐chromosome haplotype analysis. These results suggest that aDNA applications on aggregate skeletal collections where sparse, or no ethnological or historical documentation exists, may result in incorrect population history inferences if the presence of a kinship interment bias is not considered. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈随书光盘的管理与利用

该文通过对随书光盘管理中存在的问题的分析,结合实际,提出了提高随书光盘利用率的方法及建议。     

肖像画与相术

本文探讨中国肖像画在造型技术上从易到难,有一个由侧面到斜侧面最后才到正面的发展过程。在解决正面肖像的描绘难题时,曾经借助过相术,即以汉字造型特点对人物面部形象的归类方法和观察方法,从而促进了肖像画的进一步发展。     

古代江南地区圩田开发及其对生态环境的影响

江南地区的圩田大致滥觞于三国之际,迅速发展于两宋,全盛于明清,是我国江南人民在长期治田治水实践中创造的农田开发的一种独特形式。文章以大量历史文献资料为基础,全面考察了江南地区圩田开发的历程与特点,研究了江南圩田兴盛的历史因素和自然条件,并简要分析了圩田的作用。在此基础上,具体探讨了圩田开发对生态环境所造成的影响,认为因过渡围垦破坏了江南地区原有的湖泊河流水文环境,造成“水不得停蓄,旱不得流注”的严重局面,这便给圩田大大增加了防患水灾的压力;历代地方政府在圩田管理方面也是各自为政,各地圩田缺乏相互间的协作,使因破圩而形成的局部水灾年年有之;大量构筑圩田,使湖泊面积大为缩小,影响其调节水量的功能,破坏了本地区的生态条件,致使灾害频频发生。此外,围湖特别是废湖以后,使众多的水生资源也遭到了严重破坏。     

彝文古籍与彝族史学理论评述

彝族拥有悠久的历史与古老的彝文典籍。南北朝时期的彝族学者举奢哲与阿买妮 ,创建了彝族史学理论。在其后的 1 0 0 0多年时间里 ,又有一些彝族史官不断继承与创新 ,使其更加完善。在这个史学理论体系指导下 ,产生了大量彝文历史著述 ,丰富了中国古代史学的内容。