Analysis of Japanese influence on the three major historiographical trends in early modern China

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the intrinsic relationships between Japanese historiography and the three great historiographical trends of New Historiography, Debates on Ancient History, and Marxist historiography, from the macroscopic perspective of the transformation, development, and early modern growth of modern and early modern Chinese historiography, exploring how Chinese historical researchers selected, deviated from, and assimilated Japanese historiography, while also particularly focusing on how the recipients utilized Japanese historiographical methods and concepts as well as the achievements of Japanese scholars in researching Chinese history to construct their own interpretation of Chinese historiography, in a study of the academic trend of indigenization.     

Historical Mortars from the Fortified Upper Town of Eivissa (Balearic Islands,Spain)

Samples of mortars and stone of Portal de ses Taules from the Renaissance city walls of Eivissa (16th century) were characterized using thermal analysis— thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG)—x-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The granulometric fraction of particle size <63 μm was selected as representative of the binder, while the fraction 0.5–1 mm was taken as representative of the aggregate in order to characterize mortar samples. The results show that local materials were used. Lime was the main component of most of the samples tested. Thermal analysis revealed the hydraulic nature of the lime mortars. High amounts of sodium chloride were found in the samples analysed.     

Rubble Stone Masonry Walls Strengthened by Three-Dimensional Steel Ties and Textile-Reinforced Mortar Render,Under Compression and Shear Loads

This article addresses the results of a structural strengthening solution for rubble stone masonry walls. The strengthening includes inserting three-dimensional steel ties across the thickness of the walls and a 30-mm layer of air-lime and cement mortar render reinforced with glass fiber mesh (textile-reinforced mortar), on both sides of the wall. The strengthening solution was found to be efficient for rehabilitating ancient rubble stone masonry walls due to the “three-dimensional” confinement, provided by the steel wires, by offsetting the low cohesive capacity of the mortar used in the walls and thus improving the mechanical resistance and delaying the collapse mechanisms. This study is part of an experimental research program carried out in Universidade Nova de Lisboa, to evaluate structural strengthening solutions for ancient rubble stone masonry buildings. To this end, three specimens of rubble stone masonry walls without strengthening (unreinforced masonry) and other three, with the mentioned strengthening solution, were subjected to compression and shear load tests. Building materials were also tested in order to characterize physical, chemical and mechanical properties.     

Accurate identification of the pastry contained in a ceramic pot excavated from Jurou Li's grave from the Jin dynasty (1115–1234 ce) in Xi'an,Shaanxi, China

In order to identify accurately the circular object contained in the ceramic pot excavated from Jurou Li's grave of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234 ce ) in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, mass spectrometry was applied to determine the amino acid sequences of the residual proteins extracted from the sample, after preliminary starch grain analysis. The sequences were searched against a standard protein sequence database. The proteins extracted were identified as originating from domesticated barley (Hordeum vulgare), soybean (Glycine max), and fermentative microorganisms (Kluyveromyces lactis, Lipomyces starkeyi, Wickerhamomyces ciferrii, Nadsonia fulvescens and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii). These findings indicate that the extremely degraded object in the ceramic pot was made from barley by fermentation with the addition of soy sauce, providing direct evidence of culinary culture in the Jin dynasty.     

意大利纸质文物保护工作与文保教育概述——兼论中华古籍保护人才培养

中国的古籍保护事业正极速发展中,却也面临了许多全新的问题与挑战。而意大利在文物保护工作与文物保护教育上的成熟做法,虽然不能完全符合中国国情,却有许多值得国内参考的经验;例如:文物保护各领域间的分工与合作,修复课程设计上的文、理、实践并重,文物保护社会教育的普及,合理的学时,循序渐进的课程安排,专业的师资以及人民对于文物保护工作的热情和对文物修复师的尊敬等。这些经验值得加以深入探讨与分析,以期从中汲取欧洲人的智慧,滋养中国的古籍保护大业与文物保护百年教育。     

Revisiting the snake burials of the Late Dilmun building complex on Bahrain

The well-known snake burials from the Late Dilmun building complex at Qalat al-Bahrain are discussed in the context of pre-Islamic Arabian, Mesopotamian, Elamite, Avestan, and Vedic Indian evidence. Ancient attitudes towards snakes are reviewed with the aim of confirming or eliminating one or more of these traditions as the likeliest cultural context for the snake sacrifices of Bahrain.     

Healed bone fractures in a jomon skeletal population from the Yoshigo shell mound,Aichi Prefecture,Japan

Healed bone fractures were quantitatively analyzed in an ancient Japanese population. The sample studied consisted of the skeletal remains of 160 adult individuals from the Yoshigo shell mound (ca. BP 3400‐2400), Aichi prefecture, Japan. Healed fractures were diagnosed from the presence of callus formation and/or angular deformity. Fractures were frequently seen in small bones of the hand and foot such as the metacarpals, rather than in large long bones such as the clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia and fibula. Of a total of 517 intact large long bones, only four fractures (0.8%) were recognized. The prevalence and pattern of bone fractures in the Yoshigo population reflects the relative lack of stress in their life‐style. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The molecular palaeoecology of geese: identification of archaeological goose remains using ancient DNA analysis

The remains of six species of geese are commonly recovered from archaeological sites in Britain dating from the Saxon and later periods. However, identification of this material to species level is hampered by a lack of morphological variation and a large overlap in size. To address this issue we obtained DNA sequence data for a section of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from modern samples of each species, and successfully identified several DNA markers for Branta species. No markers were found within the cytochrome b gene for the genus Anser. Ancient DNA techniques were then used to recover DNA from goose bones excavated from two archaeological sites. The DNA sequences enabled identification of Barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) from one site and confirmed the presence of Anser species at another. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长江中下游古铜矿及冶炼产物输出方向判别标志初步研究

根据大量野外调查和相关样品的测试分析,指出了长江中下游铜矿带古代矿冶遗址分布及冶炼遗物岩相和地球化学特征;讨论了利用铅、铜等同位素及微量元素示踪本区铜矿冶炼产物输出方向的可行性,指出利用亲铜微量元素特征组合(包括富集、贫化元素,元素对及元素组合等)作为判别标志是相对而言较好的方法,同时要定性与定量标志综合考虑。