Detecting Cultural Remains in Boreal Forests in Sweden Using Airborne Laser Scanning Data of Different Resolutions

ABSTRACT

Airborne laser scanning (ALS) is increasingly being used to detect cultural remains in forest landscapes. Boreal forests are challenging, however, since most ancient land use was carried out without major permanent ground disturbances. If this challenge can be met, there is a large potential for surveys through existing nation-wide laser-scanning programs, although their resolutions tend to be low. In this study, we compare the performance of low-resolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR) ALS data in the Krycklan catchment in northern Sweden, an area where ancient land use was small-scale and diverse. About three times as many cultural remains were detected in the HR data set, but the LR set was satisfactory for distinct structures. We analyze how LR data sets can be enhanced at ground-point classification and terrain-model generation and conclude that ALS data have a large potential for the detection and protection of cultural remains in the boreal forest.     

论“半启门”

"半启门"(以往习称"妇人启门")是中国古代绘画和雕刻中常见的一个画面,从汉代开始出现,唐辽宋金元时期再度盛行。本文讨论了这种图像的形式特征,以及这种形式与古代墓葬意义之间的关联。     

简论薛尚功的金石学研究

宋代金石学家薛尚功著有《历代钟鼎彝器款识法帖》二十卷和《广钟鼎篆韵》七卷。《款识法帖》以摹录铭文为主,并做释文和考说,逐一对器物的制作年代进行断定,开创了后世考释类金文著作的通例。考释文字方面,基本使用了对照法、推勘法和偏旁分析法,已经能释出大部分常用金文,对金文构形特点和古文字发展的一些普遍规律也有所认识。古器物学方面,提出了器物断代的几个标准,对器物的用途也有比较准确的认识,表现出了比较高明的识见。     

试析《仡佬族古歌》中的几个美学特征

人是创造关和欣赏美的唯一主体,审美能力是人之为人的重要心理品质,其由来历久。固然,仡佬民族也在创造和欣赏着“美”,仡佬人没有形成自己的文字,但有着丰富而口耳相传的民间古歌谣,部分经专家整理、收录（用国际音标采音、汉字意译）编辑成《仡佬族古歌》,这些歌谣具有诸多“美”的特质。从《古歌》中,我们可以发现仡佬民族所独有的“历史感”、“悲剧性”、“和谐观”等美学特征,这些为仡佬民族的“不朽”奠定了坚实的基础。     

古村落旅游真实性感知的指标构建及评价——基于皖南古村落的实证数据

旅游真实性已成为学者们讨论和研究的热点,但国内很少有学者涉及古村落真实性相关问题的研究。本研究在文献回顾和皖南古村落实证调研的基础上,从广义文化的角度建构古村落真实性原始指标。利用SPSS16.0和Lisrel8.7进行探索性和验证性因子分析,在真实性文献和古村落特征阐释的基础上,将古村落真实性指标归纳为原真性、建构真实性、超真实性和主体本真性四类真实性维度。最后从明确古村落原真性的主体地位,多途径设计和开发真实性资源要素等角度提出建议。     

Computing Abilities in Antiquity: The Royal Judahite Storage Jars as a Case-study

Studying the volume of ancient pottery vessels can shed light on the development of complex societies and state apparatus by revealing the means taken to standardize trade and taxation. It can also shed light on the cognitive abilities of ancient people by investigating their knowledge of computing. This paper explores, as a case study, the volume and shape of the lmlk (“belonging to the king”) royal storage jars, which probably represent the highest level of standardization in eighth century BCE Judah. To estimate the volume of these vessels we constructed a computer 3D model for each jar. The variation in the jars’ linear dimensions is about 2–3%, a number that is characteristic of human-made objects produced by professionals without employing measurement tools. Had the potters produced jars of the same height, they could have easily reached 3–4% accuracy in the volume. Surprisingly, the variation in the jars’ volume is 7–10%. We hypothesize that rather than height the potters focused on the jars’ shape and wall width, estimating the volume according to the jars’ outer measurements. We propose a simple way that these measurements could have been taken and suggest a formula that could have been employed by the potters and customers for quickly calculating a jar’s volume.     

中国古代科学家整体状况统计研究

用统计学的方法,对中国古代科学家从时间、学科、职业、信仰、出身等角度进行研究,可从宏观上得出他们的整体状况。针对统计结果进行分析后,初步得出了形成这一状况的原因。为中国古代科学技术史的进一步研究,提供了一个可资参考的坐标。     

浅谈古籍伪书的编撰意图及其价值挖掘

本文较细致地探讨了古籍伪书编撰产生的六类主要意图,并由此展开对不同伪书存在价值的挖掘点思考。     

乐府古辞与古诗十九首关系考辨

“古诗”之数,不仅十九之限,余见《乐府诗集》所收“古辞”之中,相与援袭,而存在一个共同的模仿对象,即乐府民歌。《乐府诗集》中《西门行》、《艳歌行》、《长歌行》等,当与乐府民歌相去不远,其主题元素广泛影响文人“古诗”制作;《西门行》一首尤为十九首中多篇祖述,而十九首之《生年不满百》为其改写。即此改写的言辞整练、构篇变化与音乐脱离,显见乐府歌辞向文人“古诗”的过渡,体现了后者的共同特点。究之“古诗”之作,并非“作者”的个体“创作”,而是展转相袭的共鸣抒写。     

江苏丹阳葛城遗址勘探试掘简报

江苏丹阳葛城吴文化遗址,经勘探试掘,确认其为一座吴国城址.城址内分布有窖穴、房基、水井、水沟,城址外分布有土墩墓.遗址中出土有较丰富的陶器、石器、青铜器等吴文化遗物.通过对出土陶器分析,可将该文化遗存分为三期:早期为西周中晚期,中期为春秋前期,晚期为春秋后期,三者之间连续无缺环.经与江、浙、皖地区同类吴文化遗存对比,可推知丹阳葛城古城是目前所发现的最早、延续使用时间最长、保存状况较为完好的吴国城址.