河南荥阳市官庄遗址春秋墓葬发掘简报

为配合南水北调中线干渠工程建设,2010年10月至2011年2月,郑州大学历史学院考古系对荥阳市官庄遗址进行了考古发掘。发掘面积4000平方米,发现西周、春秋等多个时期遗存。本文对发现的11座春秋墓葬进行了介绍。     

安徽霍邱徐台汉墓发掘报告

2005年霍邱发掘的三座汉墓,形制相同,均为平面呈刀形的土坑竖穴墓,时代为西汉晚期以后至新莽时期,为研究这一地区汉代文化增添了新的资料。     

江苏淮安韩信城遗址调查试掘与文化性质再认识

韩信城遗址的平面布局及出土文物的研究表明:韩信城不是汉代建筑,城之所在应该是韩信出生的地方;韩信城在北宋时期为淮东转运枢纽,金元时期为军事重镇。     

三峡地区次生堆积剖析的考古学实践

一、前言 在田野考古发掘过程中,经常遇到的地层学现象是“早期堆积在下面,晚期堆积在上面;晚期的堆积叠压或打破早期的堆积。”①但是,考古实践中也有与此相反的情况,即上文化层及遗物早于下文化层及遗物,呈现出一种与常规地层学相悖的现象。这就不能不引起我们的思考。     

济源连地宋代墓葬的发掘

连地宋代墓葬位于河南省济源市坡头乡连地村东南,南临黄河,北为小浪底水利枢纽留庄至蓼坞的北岸公路,西距小浪底大坝址约５公里。（图一） 为配合小浪底水利枢纽前期工程的建设,１９９２年４月,济源市文物保护管理所对位干连地村东南黄河滩地水利部十一局职工生活区进行了钻探,在一探孔内发现有１４枚铜钱。５月３日－５月４日,河南省文物考古研究所、焦作市文物工作队共同对该地进行了发掘,于生活区３号楼址的东北部布设东西向２ ×５平方米探沟一条,（编号９２ＪＬＤＴ１,以下简称Ｔ１）发掘出宋代墓葬一座,（编号９２ＪＬＤ１…     

湖田窑考古新收获

本文着重介绍了景德镇湖田窑元代遗址最新考古发掘的材料,并通过对这些新材料的研究,认定湖田窑址所代表的窑场可能是元代浮梁磁局所属的官府瓷器作坊之一.除日用瓷外,建筑用瓷也是其主要产品。在釉色品种上,有青白釉器.卵白釉器、白釉器、黑釉器、青花、釉里红和低温彩瓷等。     

Comparative Study of Perimortem Weapon Trauma in Two Early Medieval Skeletal Populations (AD 400–1200) from Ireland

Violence was a reality of life in early medieval Ireland (AD 400–1200). Its omnipresence is indicated from numerous narratives of regicide, mortal conflicts, battles and warfare that survive in ancient myths, legends and annalistic accounts. The archaeological evidence of violence and conflict is mainly identified in the osteoarchaeological record, and approximately 13% of all skeletal populations from excavated early medieval cemeteries in Ireland have shown evidence of weapon trauma. This study considers the osteological representation of violent deaths in two contemporaneous Irish skeletal populations dating to this period: Mount Gamble in County Dublin and Owenbristy in County Galway. This analysis involves assessing the different anatomical regions of the body for evidence of lesions that can be attributed to weapon trauma. The results indicate that these populations are likely to have been exposed to violence under differing circumstances; the evidence suggests that the individuals from Mount Gamble may have been well equipped or skilled at interpersonal battle, in contrast to the majority of individuals from Owenbristy who may have been unprotected and unprepared. The presence of two adolescents and two adult females amongst the victims from the latter population gives insight into a wider social dimension of weapon trauma in early medieval Ireland. There is also evidence of postmortem mutilations and decapitations, which reflect ritualistic aspects of violence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Archaeology in the Lettered City

The ‘lettered creole’ Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora is widely seen as an antiquarian who collected textual materials associated with the indigenous past. But Sigüenza's historical interest exceeded both the textual and the indigenous. Following a popular insurrection in 1692, which left the viceroy's palace in ruins, Sigüenza was asked to present a proposal for segregating Mexico City into distinct Spanish and Indian zones. He framed his project not as an attempt to trace a new line but as the recuperation of an old one, ‘excavating’ the original plan laid out by Hernán Cortés. Drawing on recent work in the field of archaeology and proposing a revisionist history of Mexican archaeology, this essay reads Sigüenza's interventions in the wake of the uprising as articulating an ‘archaeology of the colonial present’ whose modalities include both digging and ‘walking in the city.’ This operation renders the Spanish city a colonial ruin to be curated by a creole administrative apparatus. For the first time, the Spanish present has become the colonial past.     

Archaeological Site or Natural Marine Community? Excavation of a Submerged Shell Mound in Ninigret Pond,Rhode Island

ABSTRACT

Submerged shell midden sites and natural shell deposits can have similar characteristics and can be difficult to distinguish archaeologically. We excavated two test units from a large (at least 35 m×70 m) submerged shell mound in Fort Neck Cove in southern Rhode Island to assess whether it was natural or cultural in origin. This mound had been recognized as a potential archaeological feature as early as the 1970s. Excavation, radiocarbon dating, and subsequent laboratory analysis of excavated materials suggest that the mound was a natural oyster reef rather than a submerged archaeological site. No artifacts were found; there was no clear evidence for human modification of any shells; small species that would not have been targeted as food were present; and δ¹³C values of oyster shells from the mound were consistent with freshwater input into their growth environment, suggesting that they grew in an estuarine environment that did not exist prior to the inundation of the ponds. The stratigraphically oldest radiocarbon date we could obtain (430–190 cal BP, 2σ range), from 70 cm below the pond floor, placed deposition of shells at least 3,000 years after the inundation of the pond. The excavation methods that we used and the process of testing, irrespective of whether the feature is cultural, are valuable contributions to the methodological literature on submerged site archaeology and help provide insight for other researchers working to discern natural from cultural shell midden sites.     

Vesalius on the Anatomy and Function of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves: Medical Illustration and Reintroduction of a Physiological Demonstration from Galen

The purpose of this article is to review the anatomical illustrations and physiological demonstrations of sixteenth-century Flemish-born anatomist and physician Andreas Vesalius concerning the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Although Vesalius was primarily an anatomist, he also used vivisection as a pedagogical device to help his students understand the function of structures within the fabric of the body that they had previously studied in anatomical detail. Vesalius’s masterwork, De humani corporis fabrica or simply the Fabrica (1543, 1555), was ostensibly an anatomy text, but Vesalius included textual and figural references to his use of vivisection to explicate the function of specific structures. Even as he began to criticize the errors in Galen’s anatomical works, Vesalius nevertheless adopted some of Galen’s classic physiological demonstrations, in particular the ligation (and subsequent release) of the recurrent laryngeal nerves of a pig to demonstrate their role in generating the pig’s squeal. Vesalius’s illustrations concerning the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the Fabrica were of two types: elegant anatomical woodcut plates—unsurpassed for their clarity, accuracy, and detail — and the distinctly inelegant historiated initial Q, depicting a throng of putti busily engaged in vivisecting a pig. Vesalius’ anatomical plates were heavily plagiarized while the historiated initials, showing the rough work of an anatomist or surgeon, were largely ignored and remain little recognized today. While Vesalius’ anatomical illustrations of the recurrent laryngeal nerves contained some errors, they were a dramatic departure from prior meager efforts at medical illustration and indeed far surpassed all contemporary published illustrations by others. Vesalius was also influential in reviving Galen’s approach to vivisection, at least for pedagogical purposes, if not really then yet as a full-fledged investigative technique.