稻盛和夫的经营与日本的文化模式

美国人类学家本尼迪克特在《菊与刀》中提出的“耻感文化”的概念已经为学界熟知,实际上,这一概念的理论基石——“文化模式理论”更有助于我们全面地认识日本文化。本文将运用“文化模式理论”分析稻盛和夫的经营活动,并且指出,稻盛哲学具有明显的日本特色:讲求实用主义,固守民族传统,提倡“和魂洋才”等。     

稻盛和夫的利他经营思想

利他经营的思想是稻盛和夫经营哲学的重要组成部分。本文从伦理道德的角度分析了利他经营的思想,并指出这一思想是在心理学和佛教的影响下,以“反稻盛事件”为契机形成的。文章最后结合实例探讨了利他经营的思想在京瓷发展中的作用。     

浅议企业的纳税筹划

纳税筹划是当前企业管理和税务工作中的热门话题之一。文章从不同的侧面阐述了企业纳税筹划的必要性和可能性,指出纳税筹划是现代企业正确理财的一个重要组成部分,应当引起企业经营者和财务管理人员的广泛重视。     

Partition,consociation, border‐crossing: some lessons from the national conflict in Ireland/Northern Ireland

ABSTRACT. Outlining Ireland's long history of ethno‐national conflict, and the recent protracted ‘peace process’ in Northern Ireland, contextualises a critique of the problems underlying such conflicts, and the difficulties in transforming externally imposed conflict management into self‐sustaining conflict resolution. It is argued that the problems and difficulties are deeply rooted in a thoroughly modern complex of nationalism, ethnicity, sovereignty and representative democracy. These are knotted together in a common denominator of territoriality, and the nub of the problem is the ‘double paradox’ of democracy's undemocratic origins in the present. Territoriality, the use of bordered geographical space, is a powerful and ubiquitous mode of social organisation which simplifies social control. But it can grossly oversimplify and distort social realities, particularly at borders and especially where territory is contested, thereby reinforcing other distorting simplifications typically found in ethno‐national conflicts. In consequence, radical remedies are needed if the problems are to be overcome. Making ethno‐national peace paradoxically calls for more creative border‐crossing conflicts around other issues.     

Assessment of Relationships Between Precipitation and Satellite Derived Vegetation Condition Within South Australia

The normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) has evolved as a primary tool for monitoring continental‐scale vegetation changes and interpreting the impact of short to long‐term climatic events on the biosphere. The objective of this research was to assess the nature of relationships between precipitation and vegetation condition, as measured by the satellite‐derived NDVI within South Australia. The correlation, timing and magnitude of the NDVI response to precipitation were examined for different vegetation formations within the State (forest, scrubland, shrubland, woodland and grassland). Results from this study indicate that there are strong relationships between precipitation and NDVI both spatially and temporally within South Australia. Differences in the timing of the NDVI response to precipitation were evident among the five vegetation formations. The most significant relationship between rainfall and NDVI was within the forest formation. Negative correlations between NDVI and precipitation events indicated that vegetation green‐up is a result of seasonal patterns in precipitation. Spatial patterns in the average NDVI over the study period closely resembled the boundaries of the five classified vegetation formations within South Australia. Spatial variability within the NDVI data set over the study period differed greatly between and within the vegetation formations examined depending on the location within the state. ACRONYMS AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer ENVSAEnvironments of South Australia EOS Terra‐Earth Observing System EVIEnhanced Vegetation Index MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro‐radiometer MVC Maximum Value Composite NDVINormalised Difference Vegetation Index NIRNear Infra‐Red NOAANational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration SPOT Systeme Pour l’Observation de la Terre     

史前考古学中的术语问题

术语是学术研究中的一套具有自身特征的符号系统,术语的规范化是学术研究得以发展的重要前提。在我国的史前考古学界,这个问题不太受人重视,其结果便是近年来出现了一些不规范的术语,研究工作也出现了一些混乱的现象。本文呼吁学界重视史前考古学术语的规范化管理问题,认为这是学术研究规范化的一项基础工作。     

稻盛哲学的文化渊源

研究任何哲学思想都要考察其文化渊源。本文用实证的方法驳斥了稻盛和夫经营哲学深受中国传统文化影响的观点。中国文化对稻盛和夫的影响是有限的,而稻盛哲学是来源于多方面的,是这位大企业家对各国文化博采众长的产物。     

唐代公廨本钱制的几个问题

公廨本钱制是唐政府实行的一种主要的官营高利贷商业,起初有着借以削弱和控制富商的目的。高宗永徽、麟德之前,公廨本钱制实行于京师诸司,置本收息以充京官俸料。之后,自京师推广到各地诸府州县,并在安史之乱后进一步得到发展,呈现出本钱来源更加多样、息利用途更加广泛、因事灵活设置、规模不断扩大的显特点。在经营管理上,安史之乱以前,尚书省刑部之比部司及内外诸司勾官构成公廨本钱的行政管理系统。安史之乱后,比部系统的管理职能削弱,中书门下、御史台以及由宦官掌领的诸司诸使诸军纷纷染指公廨本钱,表现出多头共管、经常变动的显特点。     

Managing flood risk in the UK: towards an integration of social and technical perspectives

In recent years, an apparent increase in the frequency and severity of floods in the UK has led to growing concerns about societal exposure and vulnerability to flooding, particularly in the context of climate change, floodplain development and changing insurance practices. Despite the important link between assessments of exposure to flooding (hazard assessments) and issues of societal vulnerability, this link has rarely been explored in detail and has often been reflected in policy terms by a highly technocratic approach to flood risk management. Indeed, more comprehensive studies have usually favoured rigid and deterministic definitions of vulnerability, in keeping with the wider technocratic paradigm pervading management institutions. In an attempt to redress the balance, this paper considers the role of hazard assessment and issues of societal vulnerability as mutually informative debates and advocates a movement away from the technocratic ideals currently favoured in the UK.     

The Changing Value of Australian Tropical Rivers

Until recently the objectives of tropical river management were narrowly construed: the development imperative drove resource policy. During recent decades, community attitudes to river and water management have changed considerably and the national program of water reform, the National Water Initiative, is accelerating alterations to the way that water is used, managed and priced. A broader range of values and imperatives is now influencing water resource management policy. Not least is the concern over the ecological impacts and economic inefficiencies of the large‐scale hydrological schemes that once excited the public's imagination. This paper reports on a recent study of social and economic values of tropical rivers conducted by the authors for an Australian statutory research and development corporation. The study shows that the values associated with tropical rivers have changed and diversified over time with growing societal awareness of the contribution made by unregulated, healthy river systems to human wellbeing and cultural identity. As a consequence of substantial social change, tropical river management must now contend with a more complex array of societal values and water management objectives.