心理地理学视角下空难暴露人群心理应激机制分析及其理论延伸

跟踪心理地理学相关网站信息和心理地理学情境主义“漂移”论代表性研究成果,开发一个二维的心理应激主观评测方法,通过情境下的深度访谈旨在从情境再现时空难暴露人群心理活动视角揭示其心理应激作用机制,将其具体概括为一个由时间过程特征和空间接近特征、个体心理应激行为和群体心理应激行为、消极心理反应和积极心理反应组成的相对应与互转化的组合范式,进而进行风险感知水平、心理意识力、区域差异的讨论,以说明情境“漂移”论对心理应激研究的支持。这项研究的特色在于将空难暴露人群心理应激机制研究建立在心理地理学情境“漂移”论的基础上,从而体现心理地理学的学科意义。     

Soft Transport Policies and Ground‐Level Ozone: An Evaluation of the “Clear the Air Challenge” in Salt Lake City

In recent years, communities have begun to implement both “soft” and mandatory policies designed to address worsening air quality. Voluntary or soft transportation policies have included air quality alert systems that encourage people not to drive on days when the air quality index is above a specified threshold and public education/action campaigns that focus on reducing automobile related travel. In this article, we evaluate the effectiveness of one such soft policy, the Clear the Air Challenge (CAC), in reducing ground‐level ozone during the Wasatch Front's summer ozone season. Using daily ozone data and color‐coded daily air quality designations from 2006 through 2012, we estimate a range of nonequivalent control group models. In only one of the models does the CAC generate a statistically significant but small reduction in ground‐level ozone. Future research should assess the full range of costs and benefits to the public associated with such soft transport policies.     

博物馆环境空气中五种有机酸的定量分析——离子色谱法

木质及纸质材料是博物馆环境空气中有机酸最主要的来源,所释放出的挥发性有机酸包含甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸等短链脂肪酸。这些有机酸气体会导致青铜文物的腐蚀,铅质器物表面的风化,珐琅、陶器的腐蚀脆化,丝织品纤维的劣化,纸张寿命的缩短等。为此,本研究建立了一种基于离子色谱同时测定博物馆环境空气中甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸等5种挥发性有机酸浓度的方法。以超纯水作为吸收液,吸收液体积为10 mL,采集流量为400 mL/min,主动采样法采集博物馆环境空气样品。采用5 mmol/L KOH淋洗液等度洗脱,在9 min内可同时测定五种挥发性有机酸的浓度。结果表明,在0.05～0.50μg/mL的线性范围内,甲酸根、乙酸根、丙酸根、丁酸根、戊酸根的标准曲线的相关系数均高于0.995,检出限为0.001～0.009μg/mL,定量限为0.004～0.030μg/mL;五种有机酸根的加标回收率为91.4%～107.4%。库房A中检测到的甲酸、乙酸的浓度范围分别为36.40～85.44μg/m³,274.42～312.11μg/m³;库房B中检测到的甲酸、乙...     

Global TransPark: New Competitiveness for Hong Kong and South China Based on Air Logistics

Economic globalization in the past two decades has led to a fast pace of growth of many economies in Asia Pacific, and impacted on the region's growth in air cargo. This paper discusses the future of airport infrastructure and its effect on regional competitiveness in the form of a new type of airport — Global TransPark (GTP). It identifies China's need to forge such a critical infrastructure in the New Economy, and that South China is its best location. The Hong Kong Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR) in South China stands out among competitive regions in Asia in terms of geopolitical and institutional setting under ‘One Country, Two Systems’ as the best general location for Asia's first and potentially largest GTP. Forging a GTP will promote the EMR's overall competitiveness and hastens its economic restructuring. The paper then discusses the advantages of Zhuhai Airport as the site of the potential GTP which will also incorporate the other four nearby airports within the EMR. The GTP is also a new challenge for intra-EMR cooperation in terms of customs and tariff, air rights, ground handling, and land and water transport coordination between its airports and respective local governments.     

THE IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS TRAVEL FOR INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS – MAKING SENSE OF NOMADIC WORKERS

This article uses research on business air travel to study the external linkages of clusters. Using a typology of travellers (from commuters, explorers, and nomads to visiting tradesmen and missionaries) we show how elements of the cluster have more complex external connections than proposed by most of the cluster research literature. Maintaining these linkages involves hyper-mobility of individuals. We explore the implications of such continued physical travel for understandings of the workplace, for work-life balance and for citizenship. We conclude by warning against any one-dimensional understanding of the relationships.     

Spatial and temporal dynamics of the urban heat island effect in a small Brazilian city

This study examined the spatial and temporal patterns of the canopy layer urban heat islands (UHI_UCL) in a small city in southeastern Brazil using the local climate zone (LCZ) system. We analysed the influence of weather conditions, LCZs characteristics, and local surface relief on the UHI_UCL magnitudes. Mobile traverses were used to measure air temperatures during representative nights of wet and dry seasons. Daily maximum magnitudes were observed in compact classes (LCZs 3 and 7) under ideal weather conditions (dry, clear skies, and calm) and higher anthropogenic heat release (weekdays). Seasonal effects on LCZ thermal differences were negligible. The peripheral landscapes were warmer than the city centre in both seasons. Among the warmer areas in the city, magnitudes in compact LCZs 3 and 7 were consistently higher than in LCZ 6. In general, representative sites of the main ‘built’ LCZs in the study area exhibit similar inter-zone temperature patterns to those reported for cities of different sizes from tropical and midlatitude regions. Thermal contrasts of ΔT_{LCZ 3 − D} in the study area reveal significant evidence that small cities can have as strong heat islands as bigger cities. These findings highlight the importance of the LCZ system to identify the main controlling factors driving such thermal differences and the need to extend the application of this approach in other South American cities to yield systematic data of UHI_UCL for urban planning given the coming challenges of climate change over the region.     

SHADOWS OF PLANNING: ON LANDSCAPE/PLANNING HISTORY AND INHERITED LANDSCAPE AMBIGUITIES AT THE URBAN FRINGE

The history of vernacular landscapes at the urban fringe is poorly studied, limiting our understanding of the contemporary character of the fringe and our knowledge of the urbanization process. This article argues the necessity of a combined analysis of the legacies of planning and the footprints of former landscape ideals in order to understand the conditions for spatial planning at the urban fringe. After first introducing the methodological use of landscape/planning history, the article focuses on the Swedish discourse on landscape change and landscape planning concerning the urban fringe in the 1930s. Particular focus is placed on the discourse on agricultural landscapes at the urban fringe. The third section of the article presents an examination of the footprints of the ‘landscape convention’ (i.e. an agreement on the meaning of landscape in relation to law and justice) resulting from the landscape discourse of the 1930s. The article argues that the legacy of the 1930s explains some of the difficulties arising when planners of today aim to utilize the farm landscape as a resource for recreation at the urban fringe. The shadow of the landscape discourse of the 1930s also creates difficulties in dealing with peri‐urban landscapes in Swedish planning and Swedish law. With the ongoing discourse on how to implement the European Landscape Convention, such knowledge is particularly useful.