THE ANALYSIS OF DYESTUFFS FROM FIRST‐ TO SECOND‐CENTURY TEXTILE ARTEFACTS FOUND IN THE MARTRES‐DE‐VEYRE (FRANCE) EXCAVATIONS*

A series of Gallo‐Roman clothes and miscellaneous textile fragments from the first and second centuries from the Martres‐de‐Veyre necropolis (Puy‐de‐Dôme, France) was investigated. The objects studied were excavated between 1851 and 1923, during successive rounds of archaeological work. Since that time, they have been conserved in the Barguin Museum at Clermont‐Ferrand. The target of our research was dye identification, as it gives very interesting and useful information regarding the ancient technology. This approach has until now not been considered to be relevant and, unfortunately, is not systematic. The analysis was carried out by high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC–PDA). The small samples (threads up to 0.6 mg, less than 1 cm long) of coloured textile fibres were submitted to this technique. In one case, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was applied. According to the analysis, the dyeing sources proposed are the Rubiaceae family for red, a luteolin ‘base’ for yellow, ellagitannins for brown and indigo for blue colours. Several samples did not seem to contain any dye. We point out possible factors for the partial dye source determination: instrumental limits, sample size, low dyestuff content in analysed samples and the dyes’ decomposition during ageing. Some improvements of dye analysis in archaeological samples by separation techniques based on recent analytical instrumentation and combined approaches are proposed.     

Working Port or Lifestyle Port? A Preliminary Analysis of the Port Adelaide Waterfront Redevelopment

This paper presents preliminary analysis of a larger study examining the re‐making of the Port Adelaide waterfront. It offers insights into the way the processes of urban entrepreneurialism endeavour to appropriate and transform landscapes by building on a particular heritage of place while simultaneously dismantling this image to recreate an alternative form. The proposal to refashion the Port's waterfront into a lifestyle and tourist destination will dramatically transform the current socio‐spatial organisation of working and community life as perceived and valued by those local communities currently living in and around the Port area. The removal of a small group of boatyard operators from the inner‐harbour, as part of the redevelopment, is symbolic of local concern of the potential loss of a particular way of working and community life that is steeped in history, heritage and class and is particular and peculiar to the Port Adelaide waterfront. The findings support the view that the process of urban entrepreneurialism in the re‐imaging of place is transformative, selective and exclusive.     

COOKING AND PAINTED WARE FROM SAN GIUSTO (LUCERA,FOGGIA): THE PRODUCTION CYCLE,FROM THE SUPPLY OF RAW MATERIALS TO THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF PRODUCTS*

Archaeological excavation at the San Giusto site (Lucera, Italy) has unearthed a Late Antique kiln that was most certainly dedicated to the production of cooking ware. An archaeometric study of numerous specimens of cooking and painted ware found at this site was carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma mass and optical emission spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis. The integration of historical–archaeological data with archaeometric data has revealed that these specimens can be attributed to the San Giusto site. Furthermore, the production cycle of this ware can thus be reconstructed: from the diversified supply of raw materials (fluvial and marine sediments), to the relatively complex preparation of the paste, to firing at variable temperatures (600–750°C for cooking ware; 850–1050°C for painted ware).     

论秦子簋盖及其意义

新出现的一件簋盖,已经残缺,但盖内文字基本保存,系全铭的后半。由铭文释读知道,器主为秦子。盖捉手内的纹饰,与甘肃礼县大堡子山秦公大墓M2所出漆匣花纹相似。结合近期所见秦子钟、戈等考虑,秦子年代当定在东周初年,很可能是秦文公太子静公,他比文公早卒两年。这给推断大堡子山大墓的墓主提供了前所未知的线索。     

明清徽州女子婚龄浅探 --以地方志资料为中心的考察

婚龄是反映明清徽州婚姻习俗、观念和缔结行为的重要内容,本文主要采用地方志资料,运用统计分析的方法,从女子聘龄、初婚年龄、童养媳抱养及合婚年龄等方面对明清徽州女子婚龄状况予以量化考察,探寻其普遍性和差异性,并进一步揭示影响女子婚龄的因素,分析女子婚龄的高低对徽州女性及其家庭的影响.     

Chemical Variability in Clays and Pottery from a Traditional Cooking Pot Production Village: Testing Assumptions in Pereruela*

This paper explores analytically the contemporary pottery‐making community of Pereruela (north‐west Spain) that produces cooking pots from a mixture of red clay and kaolin. Analyses by different techniques (XRF, NAA, XRD, SEM and petrography) showed an extremely high variability for cooking ware pottery produced in a single production centre, by the same technology and using local clays. The main source of chemical variation is related to the use of different red clays and the presence of non‐normally distributed inclusions of monazite. These two factors induce a high chemical variability, not only in the output of a single production centre, but even in the paste of a single pot, to an extent to which chemical compositions from one ‘workshop’, or even one ‘pot’, could be classified as having different provenances. The implications for the chemical characterization and for provenance studies of archaeological ceramics are addressed.     

三门峡三里桥村11号唐墓

三门峡三里桥村11号唐墓经过发掘,出土器物较为丰富,包括各式人物俑和动物俑以及陶器、铁器等,其中贴金武士俑、陶牛车、乐舞俑、骆驼俑、陶琵琶等在豫西地区已发掘的同类墓葬中为首次发现。该墓的发掘为研究豫西地区唐墓提供了新的实物资料,据其形制与出土陶俑的形态特点,其年代当为唐代早期。     

商周长体刀及相关问题

长体卷锋刀是商末周初的一种兵器,本文对各地出土长体刀的分布、年代、演变及相互关系作了较系统的探析。     

The Social and Economic Performance of Australia's Large Regional Cities and Towns: Implications for Rural and Regional Policy

Australia's large regional cities and towns display wide variation in how they are adjusting to the socio‐economic transitions occurring in Australia. That variation is exposed using a multi‐variate model analysing performance on a range of socio‐economic variables over the decade 1986 to 1996 for 122 cities and towns with populations of 10 000 and above at the 1996 census. Those places are classified into seven clusters of community performance reflecting opportunity/vulnerability, and their spatial patterns are mapped. The resulting framework is then used to show how the recent geography of the socio‐economic performance of the large regional cities and towns has a distinctive selectivity and contributes to opportunity in some places and the vulnerable performance of others. The influence of that selectivity can be seen in the mismatched geographic patterns evident from an analysis of shares of national population and employment change, investment in non‐residential construction, levels of welfare dependency, and the ratio between household income tax generation and transfer benefits received. The paper uses the insights drawn from that analysis to pose questions suggesting the need to rethink national policy perspectives for addressing change in non‐metropolitan Australia.     

中国城市化发展的人居环境支撑条件分析

在构建人居环境支撑条件评价体系基础上,采用均方差赋权法对全国286个地级以上城市人居环境支撑条件进行综合评价,并结合空间计量方法进一步探讨人居环境支撑条件对城市化水平的影响效应。结果显示:我国城市人居环境支撑条件整体不高;人居环境支撑条件空间差异显著,呈现出东部、中部、东北、西部依次递减的区域性特征;人居环境支撑条件子系统亦存在空间不均衡与发展不同步现象,且生态环境、居住条件、社会经济与公共服务设施支撑条件依次降低;人居环境支撑条件与城市化水平存在对应关系与部分错位现象。空间计量分析验证人居环境支撑条件对城市化水平具有显著的促进作用,但普通OLS回归却低估人居环境支撑条件对城市化水平的带动能力。