试析汝窑的性质及相关问题

汝窑自1986年在宝丰清凉寺发现以来,经过八次考古发掘终于取得了中国陶瓷史上的重大突破,找到并确定了汝官窑瓷器的烧造区.本文根据考古发掘资料和文献史料记载,结合宝丰的历史沿革,认为汝窑的性质是官窑,其烧制宫廷用瓷时间约在宋哲宗元祐元年至徽宗宣和末年.张公巷窑址应为金元时期的仿汝窑址.     

《四印斋所刻词》的词学文献价值

晚清词籍校勘成为专门之学,王鹏运实开其端,他所校刻的<四印斋所刻词>具有多方面的词学价值.首先,<四印斋所刻词>确立了晚清校词之学的基本规范,发展了校词的方法.其次,<四印斋所刻词>中的序跋保存了王鹏运等人的词学言论,为研究他们的词学思想提供了依据.再次,<四印斋所刻词>为考察临桂词派的交游提供了重要资料.其四,它为学词者提供了范本,起到了指示门径的作用.此外,它还保存了一些稀有的词集本子.     

南宋宫廷绘画中的“谍画”之谜

本文根据宋代的文献材料,从大量的宋人册页中甄别出一些在军事上具有特殊功用的绘画。据考,在南宋出使金国的使团人员中,潜藏有擅长山水画、人马画的画院画家,他们奉命描绘金国的山川地形和女真人的军事活动,笔者称此类带有间谍用途的南宋宫廷绘画为“谍画”。本文阐述了“谍画”的发展历史,特别是南宋出现”谍画“的政治、军事等方面的历史原因,对此类“谍画“进行了详细的剖析,发现宇文虚中、萧照和陈居中等是可知的南宋”谍画“的作者。此种从军事角度认识某些宫廷绘画,尚属尝试。     

清代宫廷绘画稿本述考

清朝的宫廷绘画存世颇多,其中尤以记录当时事件和人物的纪实作品最具价值,而此类画幅一般均在正图之前画有稿本。本文叙述了所见清代宫廷绘画之稿本,进而说明这些稿本的相关情况并考证其内容。     

以心为本:天性与良知的对话

稻盛和夫的经营哲学主要是由“敬天爱人”与“以心为本”、“利他经营”构架而成。关于“敬天爱人”在另文已有论述,本文拟就“以心为本”与“利他经营”做一阐析。“以心为本”、“利他经营”是稻盛经营哲学的重要组成部分,也是稻盛和夫在40余年的经营实践中始终不渝地加以贯彻、实行的基本原则。如果把稻盛的经营哲学比作飞行器的话,那么“敬天爱人”就相当于它的导航系统,而“以心为本”、“利他经营”则是它的推进器。在稻盛的整个经营活动当中,“敬天爱人”总是能出人意料地发现常人难以发现的目标,而“以心为本”、“利他经营”又总是能令人称奇地将其送至别人无法接近的目标。其结果使稻盛的经营创造出一个又一个的奇迹,跃上一个又一个的台阶,直至步入世界的殿堂。     

中国的芥川龙之介翻译史

在伟大的“五四”运动影响下,以鲁迅为代表的一大批爱国志士,为拯救中华,振兴国势,借助名家芥川龙之介的笔端,在日本文学翻译阵地上,发出了反抗者的呼声。改革开放后,芥川作品以其精湛的艺术特色又深得国人之心。纵观芥川在华的八十年,其两次被认同的高峰恰值中国历史与文化之转变时刻,前者激同胞猛醒,后者堪可提高国人的审美层次。     

汉代"名田宅制"与"田宅逾制"论说

张家山汉简的出土证实了汉初的确存在过以爵位高下及身份不同授予相应田宅的制度,即名田宅制。这套制度由于缺乏应有条件的支持,一开始就没有彻底施行,高祖后期即名存实亡。《二年律令.户律》是奉“高祖之法”不敢删削而原封保留,而非现行律文。武帝朝所纠劾地方豪右的“田宅逾制”,是武帝本朝的限田之制,不是汉初的“名田宅制”。此后,汉代的限田方案都没有成功实施过。常见诸史书的“田宅逾制”、“逾限”等提法,应大多为观念性词语,而非特指或实指。     

论日本"年功序列制"的历史变迁

日本战后确立的年功序列型薪金体系并非一成不变,其一直随环境的变化而调整。上世纪90年代后,泡沫经济的破灭加快了其调整的步伐,目标管理制度的实施,将白领阶层的工作量化,使绩效主义的薪金体系扩展到整个薪金阶层,同时将年功序列制进一步推向崩溃。但仿效西方逐步推行的绩效薪金是否就是适合日本企业的薪金体系,值得关注。     

睡虎地秦简与先秦数学

The Qin laws kept on the bamboo slips unearthed from Tomb No. 11 of the Qin Dynasty at Shuihudi in Yunmeng County have great value for the study on the history of mathematics in Pre-Qin China. Many law texts recorded the severe requirements of the Qin State in the administration concerning accounting and statistics, the conversion rates between various types of foodstuffs and the proportional allotment of foodstuffs, as well as the plans and practices of engineering projets, etc. Comparative studies on the relationships between these severe Laws and the relevant methematical methords of Jiuzhang suanshu lead to such conclusions as: 1) the Qin laws were based upon the foundation of highly developed mathematics; 2) many mathematical methods of Jiuzhang suanshu were produced before the Qin Dynasty; 3) The influence of Legalists on mathematics mostly took place in the Pre-Qin Period or the Qin Dynasty. __________ Translated from Kaogu 考古 (Archaeology), 2005, (6): 57–65     

A Linguistic Survey of Khorasan: Implications for Language Isolation,Language Change,and Contact Linguistics

This paper describes and analyzes data from a number of Modern Iranian dialects spoken in Khorasan in the east of Iran which are unusual among the other Western Iranian languages in that they have grammaticalized a split tense-sensitive alignment in indexation, compared to other Iranian languages whose indexation splitness is sensitive to both tense and transitivity. These dialects are the former dialect of Birjand in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the present-day dialect of Ferdows, Khanik, and Se-Ghal’e. The findings are put in the context of the available data from the Classical Persian texts to show that the tense-sensitive splitness mentioned above is traceable in those texts. A number of external factors are discussed which seem to have been influential in the restructuring of the split-alignment of the former dialect of Birjand into a uniformly nominative-accusative alignment in terms of indexation as observed in the present-day dialect of Birjand. It is proposed that this restructuring is an instance of simplification. The three other dialects cited above are endangered in the sense that they can undergo the same kind of restructuring as happened to the dialect of Birjand.