西藏格布赛鲁墓地出土滑石珠的制作工艺研究

格布赛鲁墓地位于西藏西部象泉河流域中游,是目前西藏西部发现的最早的墓地之一。墓葬出土大量滑石珠,本研究利用宝石显微镜观察、拉曼光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜-能谱分析等多种无损检测技术,获取滑石珠化学成分、物相结构、表面显微形貌等相关信息,表明格布赛鲁墓地出土的圆盘状穿孔滑石珠大概率为块状滑石加工成型后经热处理制作而成。研究结果可为丰富西藏西部早期珠饰研究资料、了解西藏西部古代人群的对外交流及其社会文化生活面貌提供重要信息。     

The death of Sir Victor Horsley (1857–1916) and his burial in Amarah

Sir Victor Alexander Haden Horsley (1857–1916), the pioneering British neurological surgeon, passed away 100 years ago. He died young in his sixtieth year from the effects of heat stroke while serving as consulting military surgeon to the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force in Amarah, modern-day Iraq, and was buried in the now largely abandoned “Amara War Cemetery.” By the time of his death in 1916, Victor Horsley had established himself as one of the most eminent innovators of modern neurological surgery. His pioneering researches in cerebral physiology earned him an early reputation in the field, and his experiences with vivisection allowed him to confidently operate on the brain and spinal cord at a time when surgical intervention of the nervous system was fraught with uncertainty. Outside the operating theatre, Horsley was a proud advocate for a number of sometimes controversial sociopolitical issues; national temperance, women’s suffrage, and medical unionism particularly interested him. He brought the same courageousness to the British army during the First World War, and labored tirelessly under considerable hardships to improve the conditions for soldiers. Otherwise robust and healthy, it was only through great self-denial and overwork that Horsley suddenly succumbed to the burning heat of Mesopotamia. He died as he lived—a fearless and painstaking fighter for the common man. His was a most beautiful life of unselfish devotion to others.     

巴东县张家坟墓群M1“元和四年刻石”考释

2003年底,湖北省恩施自治州博物馆考古队对巴东县张家坟墓群进行发掘,发现古墓3座,其中M1墓道出土有一块石板,上刻有136字,内容十分重要。《巴东县张家坟墓群2003年发掘简报》(下称《简报》)进行了介绍并录有释文[1]。《中国书法》2010年第4期刊有该刻石彩色照片,并附有陆     

河南淅川县马川墓地118号东周墓

2007～2008年在淅川县马川墓地发现了近百座东周墓。墓葬保存基本完整,其中以118号墓的规模较大。该墓为带墓道的长方形多台阶竖穴土坑木椁墓,由墓道、墓室两部分组成。墓内有一椁三棺,出有陶器、青铜兵器、铜铃及料珠、玛瑙珠等遗物。该墓年代应为战国早期,墓主人为卿大夫级。     

再说贵州麻江高枧夏家入黔史及夏同龢状元

高枧夏家入黔距今有620年;夏同钚的祖父是五岁丧父由母教养的独儿;夏同样出生官宦之家,随父异地为官,生在云南、长在四川,由广东起步,前往北京参加顺天府乡试中举。1898年中状元后,即授修撰。1899年与丘逢甲成立纪念文天祥的寿忠社。1904年前往日本法政大学入法政速成科学习法政,同学有胡汉民、汪精卫、沈钧儒等。传世的著作主要是编辑《行政法》。回国后1906年出任广东法政学堂监督（校长）,学生有陈炯明、邹鲁等,教员有松山丰造、朱执信、陈融等。民国后为众议院议员,宪法起草委员会委员。     

营城子汉墓出土玻璃耳珰的化学成分与制作工艺研究

营城子汉墓位于辽宁省大连市甘井子区,是我国东北地区一处重要的大型汉墓群。营城子汉墓出土了一批玻璃耳珰,为探讨其成型工艺及来源,采用超景深显微系统进行了表面形貌观察,初步认为是模铸成型,并经过打磨。采用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)进行了化学成分分析,结果显示,它们分属铅钡硅酸盐和钾硅酸盐玻璃系统,一件由Cu²⁺着色,其余主要由Co²⁺着色。其为我国自制,所用钴料来源相同,钴料的锰钴比特征与国产钴土矿的类似。并对营城子汉墓出土玻璃耳珰造型与化学成分体系间的关系进行了分析,对玻璃耳珰制作模式进行了初步探讨,进一步加深了对我国古代玻璃耳珰制作与传播的认识。     

北白鹅墓地出土席状编织物的鉴别与研究

墓葬中出土的植物编织物属于有机质文物,通常保存状况极为不佳,通过有机残留物分析确定其材质是后续保护与价值认知的基础。本研究以北白鹅墓地M1020青铜簋上附着的席状编织物为对象,通过纤维显微观察、植硅体分析、液相色谱质谱联用分析等三种方法进行检测分析,结果表明考古样品的生物来源为芦苇。将其与《礼记·丧大记》和《仪礼·既夕礼》等历史文献相对应,并与考古发掘现场的实际情况相结合,推断出该考古样品的性质是用于丧葬场合的苇席,代表着墓主人“士”阶级的身份,且处于椁盖板下棺盖板上作抵御尘土的抗席之用,在整个下葬过程中扮演过重要角色。研究结果提供了春秋早期丧葬用席的实物证据,有助于了解当时的丧葬制度,也为周王朝东迁后社会景观的复原提供了一个切入点。     

Death has a touch of class: society and space in Brookwood Cemetery, 1853–1903

Changes in the cultures and spaces of death during the Victorian era reveal the shifting conceptualisations and mobilisations of class in this period. Using the example of Brookwood Necropolis, established 1852 in response to the contemporary burial reform debate, the paper explores tensions within the sanitary reform movement, 1853–1903. Whilst reformist ideology grounded the cemetery's practices in a discourse of inclusion, one of the consequences of reform was to reinforce class distinctions. Combined with commercial imperatives and the modern impulse towards separation of living and dead, this aspect of reform enacted a counter-discourse of alienation. The presence of these conflicting strands in the spaces and practices of the Necropolis and their changes during the time period reflect wider urban trends.     

孙家南头墓群周墓地分析

通过对墓地分区和墓葬特征的分析可知,凤翔孙家南头墓群周墓地的墓主至少应由周系族群和广义的殷遗民组成,其中以后者居多。墓地结构反映出这一地区社会亲属关系结构至少分为三个层级。不同亲属集团的墓葬群同处一地,两大族群的文化相互影响。二者人群主体的等级普遍较低,但殷遗民中不乏地位相对稍高者。此外,西周晚期该墓地规模的缩小,很可能与周人对关中西部地区控制力减弱有关。