1978年以来我国农地产权制度变迁及启示

改革开放以来,我国农地产权制度改革大致上经历了四个阶段。从改革过程看,经过了从强制性变迁到诱致性变迁的过程,遵循了生产关系一定要适应生产力发展的规律,增强了农民对土地的稳定感和权属感,尊重了广大农民的自由选择,进一步协调了效率与公平的关系。展望未来,农地产权制度改革的方向应是完善农地承包权流转制度。     

遗产学视角下的“遗产”讨论

遗产学或遗产旅游学的"遗产"名称来源于一般生活常规的"遗产"名称,实物形态为财产,两者之间既有相同及重迭的部分,又有不同的特征。遗产学或遗产旅游学并不仅仅着眼于其权属、经济价值和使用价值,而是着眼于遗产的历史、艺术、科学和审美等文化价值,关注遗产的保护和传承,从不同的视角和标准可对遗产作不同的分级和分类。遗产学专家的长期论证表明,"遗产"一词较为贴近遗产学或遗产旅游学学科的特点和研究的对象。     

Soil erosion and flooding on the eastern South Downs, southern England, 1976–2001

The South Downs in southern England have been farmed for 5000 years: the initial loess cover is now a thin, stony remnant as a result of erosion. During the 1980s, field monitoring of erosion events in an area of 36 km² showed that average rates of erosion are low (0.5–5.0 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), but that occasional storms result in losses of over 200 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ on individual fields. On soils that are only 15 cm thick, such rates pose a threat to future farming. Almost all recent erosion has been on fields of winter cereals, which are bare in the wet autumn period. Of greater significance in the short term are the effects of soil-laden runoff (or muddy floods) on urban areas. Flood damage to property has been a regular event since the conversion of this area to winter cereals in the 1970s. Soil conservation measures have been negligible and flood protection has consisted mainly of engineering works and limited land-use change at sites where property damage has occurred. Conversion to grass under the Set Aside, and an Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) scheme, could be an effective soil conservation and flood protection approach. In the longer term, increasing stoniness of soils, the economic incentives for arable farming in marginal areas, and the success of legal proceedings relating to flood damage, will determine the future of erosion on the South Downs. Current farming systems clearly are unsustainable and would become more so under future climates without substantial site-targeted land use change.     

The Effects of Competition‐Based Public Policy on Contractual Arrangements

When competition is naturally limited, policymakers craft regulation to obtain effects similar to those that would have occurred in the presence of competition. In many instances, regulation of this type is not successful in overcoming market failures. We rely on property rights theory and transaction cost theory to predict when state‐level policy statements will actually lead to a redistribution of benefits at the city level. We test this theory in the context of cable television franchise renewal agreements—a setting historically resistant to competition. We look to the language of the franchise agreements for evidence of concessions made by the cable operator to the city, and using a difference‐in‐difference estimator, we find that pro‐competitive regulation translates into concessions to the city. However, a credible threat of competition embedded in regulation is not enough to curb opportunism associated with monopoly supply in cases of large franchisees; larger cable operators are at least 60 percent less likely to offer more favorable terms of trade. However, consistent with transaction cost predictions, asset‐specific investments by the cable operator do curb opportunism; there is a 51 percent increase in the odds of a franchisee offering more concessions for a 1 standard deviation change—about 1,020 mi of the plant. These findings are important for those involved in crafting policy at all levels of government as well as for researchers interested in understanding the role of long‐term contracting and the use of hybrid mechanisms such as franchise agreements in contemporary governance.     

论九一三事件后解放军学全国人民活动

九一三事件后,中国人民解放军在批林整风运动中,为排除林彪反革命集团对军队建设的干扰和破坏,在全军开展了解放军学全国人民活动.通过开展这项活动,进一步加强了军民团结和军政团结,在整顿军队的纪律和作风方面取得了较好的效果.     

众存产业与明清徽州宗族社会

众存产业是众存公有与房派份额互为前提的业态形式,系宗族内部以房派为主体的血缘性和水平性结合,属于前组织化的产业形态,主要依靠契约关系予以维系.明中期以前,众存产业和众存关系是传统徽州宗族经济和宗族关系的原始体现.明中期以后,众存产业是徽州宗族实体形成乃至发展壮大的现实经济基础.明清徽州民间众存关系的发生具有深厚的社会学背景.     

试析明清时期淄川宗族祭产管理

为了表达报本反始之恩,明清时期的淄川宗族积极对支撑祭祀的祭产予以管理。从祭产参与者与管理者模式来看,大多是以一族之中为官人员为核心而运作的,他们起到了沟通宗族成员、地方社会与各级官吏的重要作用。同时,围绕着祭产保护这一行为,宗族内部、同姓与异姓、宗族和地域社会乃至传教士发生了一系列冲突。     

“非遗”传承人保护政策的再思考

现行的非物质文化遗产(非遗)传承人保护政策以树立精英式代表性传承人为重点,这一制度不仅疏于为大多数传承人提供真正利于精进技艺的社会环境,也忽视了非遗的多样性特点,与当今国际社会新理念的普通传承人、群体传承人和传承社区的保护意识尚有距离。政府和社会需要提升代表性传承人保护政策的科学性和针对性,应关注更多的普通传承人;还应引入企业和社会力量,促进民间自发的传承机制的运作;要加强非遗产权的法规保护及产权意识的培养,推动全社会民众与传承人共同保护优秀非遗的良性增长。     

中国高星级酒店业主与国际酒店管理集团的委托管理关系研究

本研究从委托管理视角,剖析中国酒店业主委托国际酒店管理集团管理的经营现状、动因及存在问题。研究结果表明：成功的委托管理是酒店业主与国际酒店管理集团管理方实力对等与利益平衡的结果。通过研究,本文构建了一个从酒店筹建到经营管理全过程、融合业主与管理方文化的共赢合作模式,以期为预防和化解国际酒店管理集团与中国业主合作中存在的矛盾提供新的思路。     

Current Literature

A noted specialist on China's urban and economic geography investigates the processes underlying the massive and occasionally wasteful practice of land development that has accompanied China's rapid economic advance. By critically juxtaposing elements of conventional neoliberal economic theory (e.g., the so-called "tragedy of the commons") with the actual exercise of land property rights and the practice of land development in transitional China, he argues that, contrary to Western experience, land property rights have evolved from the bottom up and thus functioned not as a bundle of standardized and uniform legal prerogatives but rather as a diverse set of local practices adaptable to regional conditions. The author illustrates these processes though a thorough review of Chinese laws and regulations as well as a case study of land development in a province (Guangdong) in which land development has been allowed to proceed more rapidly under a special economic regime and exposure to global forces. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: P260, Q150, R140, R520. 2 figures, 1 table, 95 references.