试析明代宦官内操的兴衰及特点

有明一代,宦官的势力遍及帝国中枢和地方要塞,对明朝政治、经济、军事以及文化等各方面都产生了巨大的影响。就军事上来说,自明中期以来,宦官不仅提督京营、监军统兵、镇守地方,而且还在皇城大内演兵习武,同时也为皇帝举行军事体育娱乐活动,史称"内操"。本文主要根据《明实录》、《明史》以及明清历史笔记等相关史料梳理出明代宦官内操的兴衰历程,并分析其不同时期的阶段性特点,力求对明宦官史、宫廷史研究有所增益。     

元大都内部河湖水系的空间分布特点

元大都内部的河湖水系基本上归为两大系统:一是以白浮泉为源头的高粱河-积水潭水系,一是以玉泉山泉水为源头的金水河-太液池水系。两套水系在城市中发挥了不同的功能,并与元大都的礼制原则相融合,共同构成了这座独具特色的东方山水城市。本文在侯仁之的工作基础上,对元大都内部的河湖水系做了进一步的系统研究,较为准确地复原了元大都城内积水潭水系的结构和分布范围;根据各种历史文献记载、结合地形分析,对金水河的位置和走向提出了新的见解,并对元大都水系结构与城市形态的关系进行了探讨。     

‘Draw me your neighbourhood’: a gentrified Paris neighbourhood through its children's eyes

This article aims to contribute to the international research on the relationship between the child and the city, based on drawings and interviews collected from 4th grade children in a socially mixed gentrified neighbourhood of Paris. Its ambition is to reflect on the methodological contribution of drawings to analyse the children's representation of the neighbourhood. In doing so, the article also presents the principal facets of a gentrified Parisian district as perceived by the children themselves, by studying to what extent children's gender and diverse social backgrounds impact their neighbourhood representations and experiences.     

东莞地区红砂岩文化遗存病害机理研究

红砂岩作为建筑材料,在广东历史上占有举足轻重的地位,故东莞地区遗留有众多的红砂岩文化遗存,它们具有较高的历史、科学和艺术价值。红砂岩文化遗存多处于露天状态,在多种因素的共同作用下,病害状况较严重。目前,针对这些文化遗存的保护研究还没有充分开展。为此,在对红砂岩文化遗存保存状况调查的基础上,使用XRD等分析手段研究该地区红砂岩文化遗存的风化腐蚀机理。结果表明,侵蚀破坏红砂岩文化遗存的主要因素是水(降雨、酸雨、毛细水)和可溶盐。本结果可为进一步开展该地区红砂岩文化遗存的规划保护提供依据。     

郑州市北二七路两座砖雕宋墓发掘简报

2007年8月,郑州市文物考古研究院在郑州市北二七路与太康路交叉口的西北角,发掘两座仿木结构的砖雕墓。这两座墓葬形制结构基本相同,均为南北方向的砖砌仿木建筑结构单室墓,墓室为四边形,墓壁有精美的砖雕,年代为北宋早、中期。     

试论中商文化的分期与年代

目前学者一般将中商文化分为三期,但其中尚有一定的年代缺环。据郑州、河北、安阳三地的中商期典型遗址,我们研究提出了新的四期分法,同时对中商分期与都邑、王年的对应关系开展了初步探讨。     

Favelas and the divided city: mapping silences and calculations in Rio de Janeiro's journalistic cartography

This article aims to challenge the widespread consensus that Rio de Janeiro is a divided city by deploying two concepts in critical cartography: cartographic silences and cartographic calculations. As a kind of unconquered territory, a terrae incognitae, favelas were silenced on many of Rio de Janerio's maps over the last century. When these places began to be mapped, and converted to terrae cognitae, power relations often become even more apparent because of the intention to make it legible for purposes of intervention. By analyzing maps published in the mainstream Brazilian press throughout the last century, this article explores how national press often portrays Rio de Janeiro as a city divided between formal neighborhoods, where the state apparatus can ensure the rule of law, and favelas, where parallel politics enforce local forms of governance. In order to disseminate this image of the city, maps can play an important role, locating different urban zones and reinforcing old stereotypes. Despite many studies that focused on both material and embodied forms of state presence within favelas, maps can be an important source of information to understand persistant representations of favelas as excluded and divided places.     

诺门罕战役与日本人的苏联观——以村上春树的《发条鸟年代记》为中心

《发条鸟年代记》是村上春树在旅美期间完成的一篇重作品,意在通过对诺门罕战役的历史回顾,向世界说明昨天和今天的日本人。本文认为,对文学作品价值的判断,只能依据作品的形象、而不是作品之外的作家的表白。在这个意义上,这部长篇实际上是日本人的苏联观的集中披露,也是日本知识界对近现代日苏关系的艺术梳理。日本人间宫对苏联人鲍里斯表现出本质上又恨又怕的心理。     

美国国会拨款法案中的涉华条款

20世纪80年代以来,美国国会通过涉华立法对美国对华政策施加了重影响。其中,美国国会在年度拨款案中附加了相当数量的涉华法,其涉及对华安全防范和出口管制、涉台和涉藏事务、人权等领域。这些涉华条款对中国核心利益和中关关系产生了不忽视的消极影响。     

战国都城形态的东西差别

东周列国都城形态的演化经历了东西两条道路:东方国家都城在战国时期普遍发展成为“两城制”,体现了“朝、市并重”的格局;秦国都城则保持了“非城郭制”的特点,其大部分面积分布着宫殿区,朝寝有压倒庙、市的趋势。两汉都城形态是秦国“非城郭制”道路的延续和发展。