《史籍考》编纂始末辨析

作为中国古代传统学术的总结期,清乾嘉道时期诸儒对经史、小学的缜密考辨和编纂,孕育出《皇清经解》、《史籍考》、《小学考》等颇具宏观性的集大成巨作。与《皇清经解》、《小学考》流传至今而大显于世的命运不同,《史籍考》则因遭兵火之厄而消失于天壤间,隐而不彰。然而,毕沅、谢启昆、潘锡恩之主持经营,章学诚、胡虔、许瀚诸人之汲汲编纂,无不彰显出学人及地方大吏对史学的关注和倡导。因此,梳理和考辨《史籍考》的编纂经过,以及其取向、构架和成就,于深入考察乾嘉道时期的史学趋向不无裨益。     

时代、文化资本与支配权:对张謇创办南通博物苑的再思考

面对19世纪末中国空前的民族危机和剧遽社会变迁,张謇选择了"实业救国"、"教育救国"的道路。南通博物苑作为张謇教育事业的重要组成部分,是其教育救国思想的具体体现。张謇在南通博物苑创办过程中实现了资本的文化化和文化的资本化双重过程:一方面,将经济资本转化为文化资本;另一方面,又将文化资本转化为其象征资本的一部分,使其获得更大社会权力,从而能够按照自己的政治理想对地方社会进行塑造。张謇对于作为文化资本的南通博物苑的支配主要体现在三个方面:藏品内容及知识系统的构建、博物馆教育作用的树立及对参观者的规范。张謇对文化资本的支配表面上是其个人意志的体现,由其政治理念所驱动;而深究,终不免受时代和机构属性等因素的制约与影响。     

From scholar to bureaucrat: the political choice of the historical geographer Zhang Qiyun

In the mid-1920s, under the guidance of his teacher, Zhu Kezhen, Zhang Qiyun established himself as a scholar by compiling middle school geography textbooks. He reached the peak of his early academic career when he joined the National Defense Planning Commission (Guofang sheji weiyuanhui) in 1932. His subsequent setbacks offered him a different kind of experience. During his tenure at Zhejiang University (1936–1949), he strived to combine research and administrative work. His friendship with Chen Bulei, Chen Xunci, and others, provided him with the connections to move from academia into politics. More important, beginning in the 1940s, Zhang contributed his scholarship in historical geography and geopolitics to the ruling regime and attracted Chiang Kai-shek’s attention. In 1948, some of the students at Zhejiang University started a movement to oust Zhang, which truly alienated him. During the power transition in 1949, Zhang made a political choice entirely different from the one made by his longtime mentor Zhu Kezhen, epitomizing the political divergence among scholars in the last years of the 1940s.     

From ‘neo-vernacular’ to ‘semi-vernacular’: a case study of vernacular architecture representation and adaptation in rural Chinese village revitalization

ABSTRACT

Vernacular architecture can be regarded as heritage places. Recently, the need to protect vernacular heritage in China has been reflected through government policy changes, for example the ‘beautiful countryside’ program which aims to develop rural villages since 2005. However, a conflict between conserving the tangible fabric and the intangible heritage of the vernacular place can become pronounced, as villagers have desires for a modern lifestyle, and maintaining the physical building fabric. Vernacular villages require sustainable development alongside conservation of both tangible and intangible heritage significance. A key factor in keeping a village alive is continuing its utilization by a local community. This paper introduces the terms ‘neo-vernacular’ (buildings with a vernacular appearance with contemporary methods and materials) and ‘semi-vernacular’ (reusing or renovating vernacular buildings in combination with modern and traditional building techniques) to distinguish two approaches to vernacular villages conservation. We analyse the distinctions between the works of Amateur Architecture Studio (AAS) and Atelier Zhang Lei (AZL) to demonstrate the neo-vernacular and semi-vernacular approaches respectively through photo-comparison diagrams, and reviewing comments from local villagers, architectural students, and scholars. In the discussion, we propose that the semi-vernacular adaptation offers a new approach worth pursuing in China’s rapidly changing rural landscapes.     

A little known atlas by Vesconte Maggiolo, 1518

ABSTRACT

The rediscovery of the Selden Map of China (MS Selden Supra 105) in the Bodleian Library in 2008 provides an opportunity to reassess the history of Chinese cartography and debates about maritime dimensions of the Ming Empire. The map depicts a network of Chinese shipping routes, reaching from Japan to Aceh, Sumatra, and suggests previously unknown map-making techniques. In this article I draw attention to the map's unique components, notably its portrayal of shipping routes and vegetation, consider its sources, and suggest a possible patron and location of composition.     

章太炎与端方关系案

章太炎与端方关系的这桩公案,在同盟会时期是件大事,它涉及同盟会与光复会的分裂,对章太炎本人来说,也至关重要。本文试图将该案的始末作全面梳理,以揭示当时革命党人之间的派系纷争和章太炎的固执派性。     

章学诚的史学批评理论及其借鉴意义

章学诚的史学批评理论内容丰富,从经世致用的史学批评目的论,到注重史义,到区分文史关系,形成一个比较完整的史学批评体系。他还提出史学编纂的基本要义和原则,强调史学家修养和正确开展史学批评的方法,在300年前,能有这样的关于史学批评的完善意见,应该说是很不容易的,是中国史学批评史上的重要成就和高峰。回顾和反思这些理论,对于我们当下史学理论和史学批评的研究是有启示和借鉴意义的。     

日本华侨与近代中国火柴业——以华中和华东地区为例的考察

文章探讨了日本大阪神户地区几位华商在华中、华东地区火柴业兴起过程中所起的作用、遇到的曲折经历和经验教训等问题。与日本火柴产业发展的同时,日本华商依靠在日本积累的实业经验,从金融和流通的层面参与了这一行业,并在不利的实业政策的限制下,克服种种困难,为祖国的火柴产业的起步和发展作出了贡献。他们的经验和教训是日本华侨历史研究中不可忘却和值得深思的史实。     

五四时期章士钊的文化学理论——兼谈这一时期章士钊的历史观

五四时期,章士钊是新文化运动强有力的反对者,其文化学理论和历史观是导致他反对新文化运动的重要原因。章士钊的文化学理论的主要观点有历史(文化)调和论、文化心理论、文化精英论、文化具体论等,在这些文化学理论中也隐含着他的历史观。章士钊的文化学理论受西方文化学理论的影响很大。     

《元张雨、杨维桢、文信诗文》卷及相关问题考略

此卷三位作者,张雨、杨维桢诗、书皆名显于当时,文信则鲜为人知。本文评述了张雨的诗和书法在不同阶段所受到的不同影响;分析了杨维桢的思想、性格、经历与其诗文书法之风格特点的关系;考察了文信的生平及作品。此外,还对前人涉及此卷及其作者的一些问题加以考证。