"每欲追风去,甘为汗漫游"——试论陶澍和魏源

陶澍、魏源都是中国近代史上最杰出、最有影响的人物,一个是道光年间最杰出的封疆大吏,一个是道光年间最杰出的思想家.他们都生长于湖南的资江之泮,既有深厚的友谊,又以幕主和僚属的关系长期共事.陶澍事业的成功,有魏源参赞谋划之力;魏源思想的成熟,则有陶澍提携培养之功.     

论广州大元帅府的投变寺产活动——兼论商团事变的原因

1923年2月孙中山在广州设立大元帅府后,为了筹集军费和广州的市政建设资金,将广州的寺产作为市有财产收用、拍卖,掀起了一个投变寺产的运动.这次投变寺产运动持续了一年半,曾经在广州引起一场大风波,并间接引发了商团事变.本文就1923、1924年孙科第二次担任广州市长期间投变寺产的活动展开论述,分析这次投变寺产运动的原因、过程、基本政策以及影响.     

《法苑珠林校注》匡补

《法苑珠林》,是唐释道世于唐高宗总章元年(公元668年)编成的一部佛教类书,具有极高的史料价值与文献价值。此书历来未作认真校点整理。2003年底,由周叔迦、苏晋仁两位先生撰作的《法苑珠林校注》得由中华书局出版问世,实为嘉惠学林之盛事。从总体上看,《校注》校勘精当,注释亦要言不烦,是一项质量较高的古籍整理成果。但是由于《法苑珠林》中所收佛教文献来源复杂,时代亦有先后,加之古人编集类书,又有随意更改的通病,故错讹之处不少,要一一厘正,绝非易事。且佛教文献中,不仅多佛教术语、外来译语,又较多当时口语、俗语,若不明于此,断句标点亦易致误。本文就奉读该书过程中发现之20条校点可商之处,略加考辩,敷衍成文．就正于方家。     

袁宏道《潇碧堂集》作品系年订疑

袁宏道《潇碧堂集》作品系年至少存在两种问题:一是系年错误。以钱伯城先生《袁宏道集笺校》为例,出现此类问题的有九十篇之多。二是系年疑而未定。钱笺和任访秋《袁中郎年谱》涉及《潇碧堂集》作品系年皆有数十篇未能定其具体作年。本文对后者作了考订,从而解决了袁宏道诗文系年方面一个长期以来悬而未决的疑难问题。     

Indigenous Research and Archaeology: Transformative Practices in/with/for the Ngarrindjeri Community

The relationships between Indigenous peoples and archaeologists in Australia have consisted of conflict, consultation and collaboration. The literature looks at very little the roles and challenges met by Indigenous archaeologists and the issues that arise as a result of working between two different knowledge systems. This paper therefore will discuss the question of how archaeologists could modify their practice for better answering the Indigenous communities and treats this particular question by presenting my own work among the Ngarrindjeri nation of southeast South Australia. By the means of a lived experiment of conducting research with/in/for my community, I will consider the effect of the personal identity related to community stories while also examining how the knowledge of the interior can be at the same time complex but very significant for the development of archaeology.

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Resumé Par le passé, les rapports entre les aborigènes et les archéologues en Australie se sont avérés conflictuels, consultatifs et collaboratifs. Même si les aborigènes ont été impliqués dans la recherche archéologique, les chercheurs non-aborigènes ont été à l’avant plan dans le développement de méthodes et de techniques concernant la discipline archéologique à défaut d’avoir des aborigènes formés à cette discipline. Cet article se veut une contribution au développement actuel de recherche sur les méthodologies employées en archéologie par l’intermédiaire d’une discussion sur l’expérience d’un étudiant Ngarrindjeri récemment gradué en archéologie et qui travaille avec les communautés. Même si le cas présenté ici utilise la question hautement contentieuse et politique du rapatriement, l’objectif de cet article est de refléter les pratiques adoptées qui amènent à la transformation significative des procédures pour les archéologues Ngarrindjeri qui travaillent dans/avec/pour leur communauté afin de soutenir les efforts de protection de notre patrimoine culturel.

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Resumen Las relaciones entre los pueblos indígenas y los arqueólogos en Australia han sido de conflicto, consulta y colaboración. La bibliografía sobre el tema no tiene muy en cuenta los roles y los desafíos con los que se enfrentan los arqueólogos indígenas y las cuestiones que surgen como resultado de trabajar entre dos sistemas diferentes de conocimiento. Este artículo, en consecuencia, discutirá la cuestión de la manera en que los arqueólogos podrían modificar sus prácticas para dar una mejor respuesta a las comunidades indígenas; el artículo trata esta cuestión particular al presentar mi propio trabajo entre la nación Ngarrindjeri al sudeste del sur de Australia. Por la experiencia vivida al conducir una investigación en/con mi comunidad, consideraré el efecto de la identidad en relación a las historias de la comunidad a la vez que examinaré de que forma en conocimiento interior puede ser a la vez complejo pero muy significativo para el desarrollo de la arqueología.

     

Stable Isotopic Evidence of Ancient Maya Diet at Caledonia,Cayo District,Belize

The skeletal remains of 18 individuals interred at the ancient Maya site of Caledonia (100 to 1000 C.E.), located in the Cayo District of Belize, w ere sampled for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis in order to reconstruct their diet. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in 18 bone collagen samples and stable carbon isotope ratios in bioapatite from 15 bone and 6 tooth enamel samples were assessed. Small sample sizes precluded the assessment of dietary variation with respect to age, sex, social status or time period among the Caledonia Maya. However, the sampled individuals consumed a varied diet consisting of maize, supplemented with some C₃ plants, terrestrial herbivores and/or lower order freshwater resources such as snails and molluscs and possibly maize‐fed animals. This dietary variability with an emphasis on maize is unsurprising given the biological diversity surrounding the site and the known importance of this crop to the ancient Maya. As expected, the isotopic values from Caledonia are similar to those from nearby sites from similar time periods. However, four individuals exhibit a marine dietary signature, possibly indicating inland trade of marine resources from coastal sites, or the migration of coastal people to Caledonia. This study demonstrates the validity of sampling small, fragmented collections from minor Maya centres in order to gain valuable insight into ancient Maya dietary practices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The pectoral fin spines of European catfish Siluris glanis; cultural artifacts or food remains?

The urban archaeological site of Nicopolis ad Istrum in north central Bulgaria, which has multiple periods of use and abandonment, has produced a large and varied ichthyofauna. A number of bones of the European catfish Siluris glanis have been identified and have been interpreted as both food remains and bone artifacts. It was found that a percentage bias in the distribution of S. glanis bones from the Roman period of occupation called for further analysis. The investigation attempts to identify the reason or reasons for the apparent overrepresentation of the pectoral fin spines of this species. Taphonomic factors are considered along with butchery and an actualistic study of butchery on modern S. glanis material. Studies from north Africa are used to illustrate the possible function of the spines. The conclusions drawn are that a high proportion of the pectoral fin spines were brought into the site, possibly as personal artifacts. Their use is open to debate; no clear functional use can be determined from the archaeological material, although it cannot be ruled out that they were used for medicinal purposes or as charms.     

马家浜文化区的地理景观

马家浜文化区的环境研究,以往都以1000年左右为尺度,即把马家浜文化作为一个基本时间单元来分析,所得结论是粗线条或大趋势性的。在马家浜文化研究近半个世纪的今天,我们已经有条件提取更多信息,变趋势性考察为过程性研究,进而描绘这一时期更加细微的演化曲线,构建人地关系景观。     

唐代扳指杯渊源考

在中国唐代金银器、陶瓷器中,扳指杯是引人注目的一类器物。本文在分析唐代扳指杯形制特征的基础上,结合国外资料,提出扳指杯源于罗马造型意匠,萨珊波斯、粟特等的扳指杯,在吸收罗马造型的基础上,形成了自身的一些特征;而中国扳指杯在造型上的细部差别,可能一方面反映了罗马意匠的扳指杯传入中国的不同途径和方式,另一方面反映着外来文化因素与中国传统造型艺术的和谐融合。     

文物商店改制问题探析

在回顾国有文物商店历史成因、分析文物商店困境的基础上提出了对其改制的必要性,进一步分析了国有文物商店改制的特殊性以及国有文物商店改制必须要处理好的四点关系。