于德楷为人风范

于德楷是贵州近代史上一个重要人物,一生致力于贵州的经济发展与文教建设。本文选取其人生中的几件大事,凸显其道德风范,人格魅力。     

Archaeological collagen: Why worry about collagen diagenesis?

DNA appears to decay by random chain scission resulting in a predictable range of fragment lengths. Collagen decay has also been modelled in this same way, although it has become increasingly evident that collagen decay does not follow this same pattern. Radiocarbon and stable isotope analysis now use ultra-filtration to isolate large fragments (>30% of original polymer length) even in Pleistocene bone. How then does collagen decay? This study contrasts experimentally degraded samples with collagen extracted from forensic, archaeological and fossil bone. In experimentally degraded bone, values for amino acid and elemental (C:N) composition, bulk δ ¹³C, δ ¹⁵N, and aspartic acid racemisation (AAR) changed very little until 99% of the collagen was lost, suggesting that the collagen triple helix and polypeptide chains remained remarkably intact. This suggestion was demonstrated directly by examining the integrity of individual polypeptide chains using cyanogen bromide (CNBr) cleavage followed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. In ancient samples, AAR values remain remarkably stable and the pattern of CNBr-cleavage was only replaced with a smear of smaller polypeptides in the oldest (Pleistocene) bones investigated. Smearing may reflect both modification of the methionine resides (the sites of CNBr-cleavage) and/or partial hydrolysis of the collagen molecule. The findings reveal why it is not usually necessary to worry about collagen diagenesis; it is mostly intact. However, evidence of partial deterioration of the oldest bone samples suggests that alternative purification strategies may increase yields in some samples.     

放射性碳素测定年代报告(三四)

本报告发表的是中国社会科学院考古研究所考古科技实验研究中心碳十四实验室在2006年到2007年期间测定的30个考古数据。数据表示方式同此前所发报告。为方便应用另做几点说明如下。1.碳十四年代半衰期按5568年计算。2.校正年代所用程序为OxCal,校正曲线为1998年公布版本。3.与以往报告相同,所给年代误差范围均为±16,年代范围的概率分布为68.2%。4.由于树轮年代校正曲线各区段形状不同,校     

《文章辨体》与《文体明辨》的歌行与乐府研究

《文章辨体》和《文体明辨》是朗代两部有一定规模的诗文选集,它们改变以往诗歌选本的作法,把歌行体从乐府诗中分离出来,并从题目、声调和语言等方面对它们的区别进行了深入的研究。     

以精确之训诂 作古茂之文章——论《曾国藩家书》文论思想中的训诂观

《曾国藩家书》反映了曾国藩对子弟独特的文学教育方式,其中对训诂和辞章关系的探讨就很有价值。曾国藩学兼汉宋,不主一偏。闳通的学术胸怀使得他能客观地评定和借鉴汉宋学家的成果,并结合自已的创作经验,提出以“精确之训诂,作古茂之文章”的文学创作法,并将韩愈古文与汉魏辞赋文学传统相勾贯,以建立不囿于前期桐城派的审美观。     

对国史研究中争论较大的几个问题的思考

在中华人民共和国史的研究中,有很多问题一直争论较大,有的问题也很敏感。但既然这些问题已经成为历史,就应该把它作为科学研究的对象进行研究,力争得出科学的结论。     

两张英藏晚清广州洪兵舆图成图时间再考——兼及舆图成图时间考证的“断限逼近法”

成图时间考证是传统舆图研究中最初步最重要的工作,本文利用“断限逼近法”重新考察两幅清代广州洪兵舆图的成图时间。通过对新发掘档案的梳理,判断将F.O.931/1079图的成图前限推至咸丰四年六月二十四日的结论尚不成立,而F.O.931/1892图的成图断限则可由原来的八月三十日至九月初五日进一步推断为九月十一日至十二日。     

Ancient soil resources of the Usumacinta River Region,Guatemala

In this study we present the results of a combination of methods used to identify possible agricultural activity of the ancient Maya in the Usumacinta River Basin in Guatemala. These methods included stable carbon isotope analysis of bulk soil organic matter, soil profile investigations and a spatial model of gentle slopes and well-drained soils to identify favorable agricultural conditions. Stable carbon isotope analysis of bulk soil organic matter in particular offers potentially direct evidence of agricultural activity. The δ¹³C results suggest that there is a strong signature of C₄ plants, such as maize and tropical grasses, throughout the study area. Further, the current soil conditions and extent of relatively gently sloped areas are favorable to agriculture. Overall, the results are supportive of the hypothesis that the area, located between the polities of Piedras Negras and Yaxchilán, was agriculturally important to surrounding areas.     

Metropolitan Scurvy in the Shadow of the Cook Voyages

Recent scholarship on scurvy in 18th-century Britain has focused on the disease in the context of voyages of exploration, especially those bound for the Pacific Ocean. Using materials from quack physicians, print culture and popular song, this essay contends that the problem of scurvy was just as acute in metropolitan London and elsewhere in Britain. By studying representations of the disease and its markets at home in Britain, it aims to shed new light on the treatment and perception of the disease at sea, particularly during the voyages of James Cook (1768?79).