On political theology: A controversy between Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt

This article pays special attention to the large number of references to political theology by Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt, particularly in the interwar period, and seeks to interpret these references in a new way. While Schmitt's analogies between God and state are to be expected considering his strong Catholic roots, such comparisons are much more surprising for a positivist like Hans Kelsen, who always tried to relieve state and law from transcendental elements. The article concludes that, far from being marginal in the doctrinal dispute between Schmitt and Kelsen, references to political theology express and summarize their major controversy about the relation between state and law, as well as about the sources of the state's unity. The heart of the disputatio between the two jurists concerned the ability of the political power to emancipate itself from the juridical order. The ‘legal miracle’—in this context meaning the occasional autonomization of the state from law—was for Schmitt the manifestation of sovereign power. However, for Kelsen it represented the negation of the state's essence, whose actions must be determined only by the legal order.     

Geographies of mediation: Market development and the rural broker in Maharashtra, India

This paper explicates the role of community-level intermediaries in post-liberalized economic sectors. Focusing on nascent commercial markets for improved, smokeless cookstoves in southwestern Maharashtra, I describe how development is encountered by three analytic groups – artisans, female stove users and NGO field officers. This study highlights patterns of strategic intermediary action, or forms of brokering, used to negotiate the commercialization process for individuals involved in the fabrication, distribution and use of improved cookstoves. A close analysis of the mediating agent can strengthen theories on how individuals and communities encounter sector privatization and state retrenchment. This study reveals a diverse set of brokering activities and actors, and shows how intermediaries combine tasks associated with traditional conceptions of the political fixer and market broker by working within and between groups of market, village and state operatives to transform market supply chains. Mediating agents coordinate counter regulating activities within civil society in the absence of heavy state intervention and play a crucial role in activating and connecting community interests to latent neoliberal state resources.     

刘瑾是否派人追杀王阳明

刘瑾上奏朝廷将王阳明贬为龙场驿丞后,是否还曾追杀过王阳明。分析钱德洪的《阳明先生年谱》和黄绾的《阳明先生行状》,可以得出结论,刘瑾并没有派人追杀王阳明。而刘瑾对王阳明父亲的态度,也可以作为这一观．点的旁证。     

江苏邗江甘泉顺利东汉墓清理简报

邗江甘泉顺利发现的一座东汉砖室墓,采用前堂横列单接棺室的T字形结构,前无甬道,沿袭了当地西汉木椁墓中一类外藏椁横列的平面布局,为东汉早中期之交一位有较高身份地位者的墓葬。墓中孑遗的鱼纹铜卡尺是一件精密的游标量具,极为珍贵。     

我国实施依法治国方略的历史回顾

依法治国方略的提出,是中国共产党执政方式上的一次重大改革,是中国治国方略上的重大战略选择,是社会主义制度的创新,也是改革开放以来中国政治形态发生的最具历史意义的转型。依法治国符合历史发展规律,是实现国家长治久安、促进民主政治的重要成果。然而,确立依法治国的基本方略,构建社会主义法治国家的目标模式,仅仅是走向法治的起点,真正迈入法治的轨道还要做出更大的努力。     

略论河湟曲艺在青海民间的繁荣与发展

戏剧自元代以来,三起三落,每一次衰落的主要原因都是它从“俗”走向“雅”的过程中形成的“贵族”气息,致使戏剧脱离了趣味凡俗的大众。但在牡丹凋谢的时候,民间的苔花却在遍地开放。在青海民间,“此花落彼花开”的艺术规律也非常明显,秦腔大戏在青海退潮之后,河湟曲艺欣欣向荣。     

Towards an Archaeology of the Welfare State in Britain, 1945–2009

In this paper I develop an argument for the specific contribution which archaeology might make to the study of the ‘classic’ welfare state in Britain (c. 1945–1975) and its aftermath (c. 1976 to present). This period saw massive state investment in infrastructure which transformed both the material and social worlds of its citizens, through new state policies, new networks of political and social control, the centralisation and nationalisation of a range of existing aspects of civilian life and the construction of housing on a monumental scale. While this is a topic which has been studied in detail by historians and sociologists, despite the massive investment in construction and the accompanying effects on the physical landscape of Britain, there has been relatively little work on the ‘material worlds’ of the welfare state. In developing this argument I focus particularly on public housing, an area which has been the subject of some previous archaeological comment and which provides a clear case study in the contribution which such an approach might make. State subsidised housing policy developed as a brave utopian socialist experiment during the interwar period in Britain, reaching its zenith in the mid-1970s, at which time the state supplied almost a third of the nation’s housing. Public housing projects became an area of experimentation in the realisation of modernist ideals of high density private accommodation and in the use of new building technologies and materials. However, following the demise of the classic welfare state, for various reasons high density public housing has come to be viewed as part of a dystopian social cycle, the buildings and associated landscapes themselves becoming a symbol of poverty, substance abuse and violence. From an early history associated with slum clearance and the development of idealised homes for the nation’s poor, many high rise/high density public housing developments from the classic welfare state are now more often viewed themselves as slums, their design and ‘materiality’ perceived as contributing to, or even creating, a series of social problems. I suggest, following earlier work by Miller (Man (New Series) 23(2):353–372, 1988), Buchli (The Archaeology of Socialism, Berg, New York, 1999) and Buchli and Lucas (Archaeologies of the contemporary past. Routledge, London, 2001) that an archaeological approach to the material world of public housing has the potential to reveal not only the ways in which changing state ideologies are expressed through their design, but also the ways in which individuals have (and continue to) engage with their spaces and material culture to manage the conditions of everyday life, and how such places exist within counter-discursive urban and suburban worlds. I also suggest that part of the role of an archaeology of the welfare state is to consider the circumstances under which the welfare state fails through a focus on the archaeology of poverty and homelessness.     

一个了不起的铺路架桥者--杨生茂教授与中国美国史学科建设

杨生茂教授是中国美国史学科的创建者之一,也是中国世界近代史研究领域中一位成就斐然的学者。不论是作为学术的组织者,还是史学教育家,不论是作为微观的研究者,还是宏观的思考者,杨生茂教授的学术工作都促进了中国美国史学科的建设,增进了中国人对美国历史与文化的理解。他所提出的问题,他所研究的课题,他所尝试过的方法,他所追求的理想以及他所投身的事业,已经深深地影响了这一学科的后来人,并转化为中国美国史研究的宝贵财富。     

国家、市场、社会之间新型关系初建时的认识 --建国前夕之临清事件个案研究

临清事件是建国前夕市场秩序混乱情况下的一次抢购涨价风潮,对于事件的揭露、批判和处理,深刻地反映出国家、市场、社会之间新型关系初建时的认识模糊。事件强调资本主义经济因素的危害性,突出政府部门和国营贸易机关对于社会生产、流通的领导作用,市场作用受到抑制,出现了通过行政干预急速发展国营与合作社经济的趋向。     

《元张雨、杨维桢、文信诗文》卷及相关问题考略

此卷三位作者,张雨、杨维桢诗、书皆名显于当时,文信则鲜为人知。本文评述了张雨的诗和书法在不同阶段所受到的不同影响;分析了杨维桢的思想、性格、经历与其诗文书法之风格特点的关系;考察了文信的生平及作品。此外,还对前人涉及此卷及其作者的一些问题加以考证。