The evolution of the Chinese Communist Party's policy on the bourgeoisie (1949–1952)

From its very beginning, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) had a shifting policy towards the bourgeoisie. Until the early 1940s, it maintained a relatively stable policy which successfully isolated the monied classes in China and helped it overthrow the rule of the KMT. But with the establishment of the new regime, the CCP Central Committee came under conflicting pressures: on the one hand it continued its former policy out of political expediency; on the other hand, based on traditional socialist political theory and Soviet experience, it kept a close watch on the bourgeoisie and even proposed targeting them as the chief enemy of next revolution. After the establishment of the PRC, as a result of the failing economy and the new government's lack of economic support and political experience, the CCP firmed up its policies on the bourgeoisie. However, with the bourgeoisie and capitalism still prominent elements in Chinese society, the communists became uncertain about which direction to take. As the CCP Central Committee had anticipated, officials of both the party and the government often gave way to corruption after taking over major cities. The Central Committee regarded this particular combination of money and power as a “violent attack” against the new communist regime by the bourgeoisie as a whole. In order to tighten its grip on national power, the Central Committee launched two anti‐corruption movements known as the Three‐Antis and the Five‐Antis. These movements were in fact aimed at the bourgeoisie as a whole, and succeeded in destroying the basis for capitalist business in the New China. Encouraged by this outcome, the CCP launched a policy of socialist transformation aimed at depriving Chinese capitalists of their means of production. Thus the CCP gradually and inevitably moved away from its original policy of cooperation with the national bourgeoisie.     

《东吴三惠诗文集》整理记

《东吴三惠诗文集》指清代学者惠周惕、惠士奇、惠栋三人的诗文集。三惠之诗文集。传世者有惠周惕《砚谿先生诗集》7卷、《文集》1卷、《砚谿先生遗稿》2卷,惠士奇《半农集》3卷与惠栋《松崖文钞》2卷等。笔者此次整理,除将以上诸集校勘标点外,还辑得《东吴三惠佚文辑补》5卷．《东吴三惠诗文集有关诸家序跋与提要》1卷及《东吴三惠重要传记材料》1卷。本文即对诸集之版本、内容与整理过程进行说明与述论。     

近二十年来三国史与《三国志》研究现状的定量分析

近二十年来三国史与《三国志》研究取得了许多成绩．但目前还没有形成严格意义上的核心作者群,平均发文量还比较低,文摘率也普遍偏低。其主要原因是全力研究《三国志》的专家还非常少。研究水平的升降在很大程度上受到社会政治生活等非学术因素的影响。研究成果的分布极不均匀,缺少整体布局。今后的三国志研究任重道远,在史料整理和专题研究等方面还有许多工作要做。     

许子妆簠考释

许子妆(箐皿)是东周时期的许国青铜器,它为研究古代许国后期的历史,提供了最可靠和最具有说服力的实证。     

论三国时期的"君臣之义"

在三国时期,君臣之义属于“大义”的范畴,这是人们所公认的。故当时无论是对为君之义还是对为臣之义,都有一整套规定性内容。但和其他封建伦理道德一样,君臣之义在三国时期,也在很多时候成为了军阀、权臣和野心家进行割据、篡位的手段,成为他们种种不义行为的遮羞布。     

刘安及宾客著述考略

刘安是汉武帝时期最具有文才和学识的诸侯王,也是当时最具有影响力的区域文化集团的领袖。古代典籍从《别录》、《汉书》到《四库全书总目》,官私书目著录的刘安及宾客的著述,以及后人伪托的作品,其书目共计49种。通过对相关文献的考辨甄别,除去同书异名15种和后人伪托的11种,比较可信的著述约22种。本文分为学术著作和文学作品两部分,就其名称、卷数在历代的流变存佚状况进行辨析,较为清晰地反映刘安及其淮南宾客的有关著述在传世中的变化情况。     

《明清史料辛编》在《杨嗣昌集》整理中的文献学价值

在《杨嗣昌集》整理所使用的众多参照本中,以明清宫廷档案为基础的《明清史料辛编》所收录的《杨嗣昌奏疏》具有极高的文献学价值。因为它保存的是作者疏稿的原貌,从而为解读《杨文弱先生集》有关问题提供了钥匙,为《杨嗣昌集》的整理找到了真传,并且可为古文献的辨证和利用提供许多有益的启示。     

《古今经传序略》所载佚文两篇

明末清初,张隽赍持"因序以征书"的遗民心志,辑录<古今经传序略>,保存了大量的有明文献.笔者在整理过程中,发现了佚文温璜<易解自序>及韩昌箕<历代史衡自序>,借此可考见明代吴江著述之一斑,亦可补史志之遗缺.     

淮上文献述论

淮安,古称淮阴,历史上的版图占据今天苏北的大部.大约在夏王朝的初期,淮夷在淮河流域建立了徐国.秦统一六国后,揭开了在淮安设县的序幕.特殊的地理位置使淮安成为人文之邦.淮安地处京杭大运河中段,承担着转运漕粮的重任,这一独特的交通优势使淮安成为重要的商品集散地.历史在铸造淮安人威武不能屈的灵魂时,还给这片热土留下了丰富的文学作品.     

中国钢铁工业的诞生考释

中国钢铁工业诞生的问题学术界至今没有统一的认识。按照当今中国钢铁工业协会所定标准,福州船政局所属锤铁厂和拉铁厂应为中国最早的钢铁加工企业,它的创建标志着中国钢铁工业的诞生;青溪铁厂是中国第一家钢铁联合企业;汉阳铁厂则是中国第一家大型钢铁联合企业。