Marine resource intensification in Viking Age Europe: the molluscan evidence from Quoygrew,Orkney

This paper addresses whether molluscan evidence from Orkney can shed light on the hypothesis that there was a trend towards the intensification of marine resource use at the end of the first millennium AD. The stratified middens of Quoygrew, which date from approximately the 10th to the 13th centuries, are shown to contain predominantly limpets, which may have been used for baiting fish. From metrical data it is shown that these limpets reduce in size through time. In order to test whether this observation is related to intensification in exploitation, analysis of limpet shoreline location was carried out. In addition, age data were used to demonstrate a lowering of average age which suggests intensification in gathering rather than environmental influences, particularly during the 11th–12th centuries at this site.     

一位明代翰林官员的工作履历——《徐显卿宦迹图》图像简析

收藏在故宫博物院的《徐显卿宦迹图》记录了明万历年间吏部右侍郎徐显卿的宦迹。图册中有关明代宫廷典制的描绘以及徐显卿的题记为历史研究提供了形象生动的资料。此外,本文还以图册为例,对明清时代宦迹图的源流、艺术形式等作了简要分析。     

徐树铮与外蒙古撤治及其影响

1919年。在外蒙古撤消自治已具备相当有利的客观条件的前提下,徐树铮抓住有利契机,经过深思熟虑的准备,运用正确的策略方针。把握和推动时局,迅速和平地完成了撤治使命,使外蒙古最终于1919年11月17日正式呈请政府“情愿撤消自治”。徐树铮在撤治过程中发挥了巨大作用。外蒙古回归,不仅在外交上打击了一切侵略、分裂势力,政治上实现了民国以来的领土与主权的完整与统一,而且撤治本身对外蒙古社会的政治稳定、经济化的恢复和发展均产生了一定的促进作用。     

From Pleistocene Mariners to Complex Hunter-Gatherers: The Archaeology of the California Channel Islands

California’s Channel Islands were home to some of the most distinctive Native American peoples along the Pacific Coast. Never connected to the mainland during the Quaternary, the Channel Islands have an impoverished terrestrial flora and fauna, but some of the richest and most productive marine environments in the Americas, including diverse kelp forest, intertidal, and offshore marine habitats. Native Americans occupied the Channel Islands for roughly 13,000 calendar years until the early nineteenth century, providing one of the longest and best preserved records of maritime hunter-gatherers in the Americas. We provide an overview and analysis of Channel Islands archaeology, from the relatively mobile peoples who colonized the islands during the Late Pleistocene to the complex hunter-gatherers documented by early Spanish explorers. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of Channel Islands archaeology for enhancing knowledge on a number of broad anthropological issues, including coastal and aquatic adaptations, seafaring, cultural complexity, trade and exchange, and ancient human impacts on the environment.     

抗战时期的历史教育与徐文珊的《历史教育论》

抗战时期被称为中国的“大时代”,徐文珊的《历史教育论》则是这个“大时代”的产物。它是一部总结和阐发抗战时期中国历史教育动向的专门著作。它的出现,反映了当时历史教育由“考古”向“考今”的转向,也顺应了抗战的时代要求。它的内容比较丰富,具有鲜明的思想特色,主要包括首次明确地从理论上将历史教育区分为学校教育与社会教育两个不同领域、历史教育以情感教育为先等六个方面。而它的时代价值,则体现在推动了文化抗战工作,促进了历史教育向更高层次的发展。     

《唐会要》成书考略

《唐会要》是现存最早的会要体史书,是研究唐史,特别是研究玄宗天宝以后历史的重要典籍。但目前对该书全面、深入的研究仍未展开,其成书过程、流传情况至今尚不明晰。本对《唐会要》编纂流传过程中的一些模糊问题作了一些新的探索,通过对以王应麟的《玉海》为主的几部引用《唐会要》较多的类书进行的细致考察,从中梳理出一些《唐会要》与《会要》、《续会要》之间的关系,从一个侧面论述了王溥对前后《会要》的整理工作。     

《续资治通鉴长编拾补》点校疑误

本文就点校本《续资治通鉴长编拾补》中存在的标点疑误、史实校勘、排印等方面的错误进行商榷、勘正。     

The dynamics of mangrove ecosystems,changes in sea level and the strategies of Neolithic settlements along the coast of Oman (6000–3000 cal. BC)

This paper focus on the Holocene palaeogeography of the Ja'alan coast from the 6th to the 4th millennium cal. BC, integrating the dynamics of mangroves, lagoons, khors-estuaries and deltas, with sea-level change and the evidence from Neolithic shell middens. The distribution and maturation of mangrove ecosystems along the Arabian coasts has varied considerably, affected by physical forces such as sea-level changes, climate, tidal amplitude and duration as well as the quantity of fresh water inflow associated with the monsoon systems along the Arabian coast. Palaeo-mangroves and lagoons, today replaced by large sabkhas, appear to be correlated to mid-Holocene fossil deltas and estuaries that currently function episodically, depending on the rhythm of winter rains. All these parameters have determined and impacted the location of settlement networks and the economic strategies of the first Arabian farmers along the eastern Arabian coast. The mid-Holocene sea-level highstand stability (5th millennium BC) can be considered to be an optimum period for mangrove development and can be correlated with Neolithic sites around the mangroves. The decline of mangroves since 3000/2500 cal. BC and further degradation is mainly attributed to the prevailing arid climate that reduced summer monsoon effects in the tropical area by favouring the extension of sabkhas. We discuss these aspects based on new archaeological surveys, excavations and geoarchaeological studies.     

甲骨卜辞“疋”地考

甲骨卜辞中有个地名"疋"。通过甲骨文材料、传世文献资料、出土器物综合分析,"疋"的地望在陕西省汉中盆地中东部的城固、洋县一带,其核心区域在湑水河下游两岸的平原地带。"城洋铜器群"可能是古"疋国"的文化遗物。