甲骨卜辞“疋”地考

甲骨卜辞中有个地名"疋"。通过甲骨文材料、传世文献资料、出土器物综合分析,"疋"的地望在陕西省汉中盆地中东部的城固、洋县一带,其核心区域在湑水河下游两岸的平原地带。"城洋铜器群"可能是古"疋国"的文化遗物。     

叙述与记忆：朝鲜半岛文人的徐福东来记事研究

徐福东渡一直在中日韩三国广为流传。朝鲜半岛人民对徐福东来的叙述与记忆,依其本土文献记载至少可回溯至新罗时期。关于徐福的传说、民谣至今仍在朝鲜半岛南部区域广泛流传,或称“徐市过之”的摩崖石刻痕迹也保留至今。无论是充满想象的叙述,还是遗址遗物中的记忆,都深层次反映了汉字文化圈内独有的文化现象与逻辑。通过对朝鲜半岛文人“徐福东来”记事叙述与朝鲜半岛民间记忆——传说、民谣等资料的研究,勾勒出徐福一行在朝鲜半岛的可能行迹,并进一步揭示徐福研究的当代文化学意义。     

The dynamics of mangrove ecosystems,changes in sea level and the strategies of Neolithic settlements along the coast of Oman (6000–3000 cal. BC)

This paper focus on the Holocene palaeogeography of the Ja'alan coast from the 6th to the 4th millennium cal. BC, integrating the dynamics of mangroves, lagoons, khors-estuaries and deltas, with sea-level change and the evidence from Neolithic shell middens. The distribution and maturation of mangrove ecosystems along the Arabian coasts has varied considerably, affected by physical forces such as sea-level changes, climate, tidal amplitude and duration as well as the quantity of fresh water inflow associated with the monsoon systems along the Arabian coast. Palaeo-mangroves and lagoons, today replaced by large sabkhas, appear to be correlated to mid-Holocene fossil deltas and estuaries that currently function episodically, depending on the rhythm of winter rains. All these parameters have determined and impacted the location of settlement networks and the economic strategies of the first Arabian farmers along the eastern Arabian coast. The mid-Holocene sea-level highstand stability (5th millennium BC) can be considered to be an optimum period for mangrove development and can be correlated with Neolithic sites around the mangroves. The decline of mangroves since 3000/2500 cal. BC and further degradation is mainly attributed to the prevailing arid climate that reduced summer monsoon effects in the tropical area by favouring the extension of sabkhas. We discuss these aspects based on new archaeological surveys, excavations and geoarchaeological studies.     

Large shell middens in Lamberts Bay,South Africa: a case of hunter–gatherer resource intensification

Enormous shell middens (“megamiddens”) dating to c. 3000–2000 BP along the West Coast of South Africa were explained initially within a framework based on the Kalahari San ethnography. The overwhelming dominance of marine shell and low densities of artefacts and vertebrate remains were seen as merely the reflection of processing localities. A far more complex picture has emerged recently, with a trend of raising population densities and longer residential permanence between 3500 and 2500 BP. Successive reformulations of the foraging ecology of both marine and terrestrial prey are apparent, with isotopic values from human skeletons and quantified dietary remains showing increased marine food consumption during the megamidden period when compared to other stages. Shellfish collection shifted from a mix of limpets, whelks and black mussels before 3000 BP to the intensified collection of the later from about 2600 BP, with local impact on marine fauna becoming evident at this time. Coastal groups became also increasingly less reliant on large mobile game and more so on small territorial bovids and tortoises as from 3500 BP, with strongest emphasis on this foraging behaviour after 2700 BP. Read against palaeoenvironmental data, this reconstruction is consistent with hunter–gatherer resource intensification models world-wide.     

《唐会要》成书考略

《唐会要》是现存最早的会要体史书,是研究唐史,特别是研究玄宗天宝以后历史的重要典籍。但目前对该书全面、深入的研究仍未展开,其成书过程、流传情况至今尚不明晰。本对《唐会要》编纂流传过程中的一些模糊问题作了一些新的探索,通过对以王应麟的《玉海》为主的几部引用《唐会要》较多的类书进行的细致考察,从中梳理出一些《唐会要》与《会要》、《续会要》之间的关系,从一个侧面论述了王溥对前后《会要》的整理工作。     

一位明代翰林官员的工作履历——《徐显卿宦迹图》图像简析

收藏在故宫博物院的《徐显卿宦迹图》记录了明万历年间吏部右侍郎徐显卿的宦迹。图册中有关明代宫廷典制的描绘以及徐显卿的题记为历史研究提供了形象生动的资料。此外,本文还以图册为例,对明清时代宦迹图的源流、艺术形式等作了简要分析。     

字圣许慎

东汉许慎因著有《说文解字》,成为中国文字学的开山鼻祖,对中国和世界的文化发展作出了重大贡献,被后人尊为“字圣”。《说文解字》开创的“六书”理论,是关于中国汉字构成和使用的六条方法,至今仍被古文字学家奉为圭臬。该书创造的辞书部首编纂法、汉字形音义贯通说解法等都对后代影响深远。许慎是对国家和民族有巨大贡献的伟大人物。     

徐世昌与延吉边务交涉

1907-1909年,中日之间发生了关于“间岛”问题的严重交涉。时任东三省总督的徐世昌在交涉中起到了非常重要的作用,主要表现在选贤任能、注重情报、洞悉阴谋、全盘谋划、灵活外交等方面,有利地遏制了日人的侵略阴谋。     

From Pleistocene Mariners to Complex Hunter-Gatherers: The Archaeology of the California Channel Islands

California’s Channel Islands were home to some of the most distinctive Native American peoples along the Pacific Coast. Never connected to the mainland during the Quaternary, the Channel Islands have an impoverished terrestrial flora and fauna, but some of the richest and most productive marine environments in the Americas, including diverse kelp forest, intertidal, and offshore marine habitats. Native Americans occupied the Channel Islands for roughly 13,000 calendar years until the early nineteenth century, providing one of the longest and best preserved records of maritime hunter-gatherers in the Americas. We provide an overview and analysis of Channel Islands archaeology, from the relatively mobile peoples who colonized the islands during the Late Pleistocene to the complex hunter-gatherers documented by early Spanish explorers. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of Channel Islands archaeology for enhancing knowledge on a number of broad anthropological issues, including coastal and aquatic adaptations, seafaring, cultural complexity, trade and exchange, and ancient human impacts on the environment.     

(Un)Doing Constitutionalism: The Cases of Liu Xiaobo and Xu Zhiyong

Based on the cases of Liu Xiaobo and Xu Zhiyong, this article reviews the Court judgments and discussions about the criminal charges of “inciting subversion of state power” and “disrupting public order” used against Liu Xiaobo and Xu Zhiyong respectively. Through a review of the discourses of Chinese legal scholars surrounding the two cases, we focus on the conflicting arguments regarding the Chinese Constitution and the Constitutional right to freedom of expression. This article concludes with an analysis of the political meaning of the two cases by revisiting the debate about the implementation of a Constitutional review and by reflecting upon the political contention between the government’s recent re-ideologisation of the Constitution and the growing calls of Chinese citizens who advocate Constitutionalism as a proxy for political reform.