Recent Trends in Theorizing Prehispanic Mesoamerican Economies

Theoretical frames for modeling prehispanic Mesoamerican economies have been informed mostly by political economy or agency approaches. Political economy models examine the ways in which power is constructed and exercised through the manipulation of material transfers, mainly production and distribution. Research along these lines emphasizes regional redistribution, wealth and staple finance, debt and reciprocity, and regional integration through core/periphery relations. Agency models, on the other hand, explore the social aspects of manufacture, circulation, and consumption to infer the processes by which power is negotiated and contested. Work using this framework focuses on the manner by which meaning and value are assigned to, and become fixed in, social valuables, as well as the moral and emotional dimensions of allocation and consumption. Political economy and agency approaches are converging in Mesoamerican research to forge a new, hybrid theoretical construct, “ritual economy,” which strikes a balance between formalist and substantivist views by considering the ways that belief systems articulate with economic systems in the management of meanings and the shaping of interpretations.     

论《新安志补》的价值

明代方信撰修的《新安志补》,是一部特殊形态的方志,在方志史上有一定的地位。它收集保存了大量有用资料,并在资料剪裁、体例安排、建构类目等方面比较严谨,还有史料史实的钩沉考辨以及浓厚鲜明的修志观念,都决定了这部志补具有较高的学术和实用价值,反映出明代方志观念和体例上的新变化。     

Crucibles of power: Forging copper and forging subjects at the Moche Ceremonial Center of Huaca Colorada,Peru

An analysis of copper production, architectural construction, and feasting rites as interrelated ritual activities at the Late Moche site of Huaca Colorada suggests that power asymmetries were embedded in a distinctive relational ontology and sacrificial worldview. Power was exercised not by alienating communities from their means of production or excluding the majority lower class from the diacritical symbols of power. Rather, the manufacture of copper items enabled subjects to directly contribute to Moche rites of regeneration and social reproduction; the skilled metamorphosis of copper into finished objects paralleled and symbolically reinforced the ritual re-formation of bodies and political subjectivities at Huaca Colorada. Ultimately, an examination of copper production at Huaca Colorada as a ritual of bodily transformation sheds light on the culturally specific structures of power characterizing the greater Jequetepeque region during the Late Moche Period.     

楚文化中的动物符号和前宗教问题

张光直先生指出中国先秦化的基本框架属于“亚-美化连续体”。楚化中的巫术或仪式属“亚美-化连续体”中的萨满教范畴。本从动物符号与神话、动物符号与巫术和动物符号与萨满教三个方面论述楚化中没有图腾崇拜,楚人社会的萨满教只是一种世界性的普遍存在的前宗教现象。     

从青铜器铭文看周代的赐"膰"礼

一、关于赐膰礼的争论在周代,天子、诸侯祭后有赐胙的习俗。如《左传》载庄公二十三年,楚成王贡献于周惠王,天子赐胙。僖公九年,王使宰孔赐齐侯胙。     

新见李自成时期两方官印及其相关问题

最近在陕西发现的李自成政权官印中,"汲县之契"为最早铸印,"鲁山县信"为最晚铸印,此二印俱与河南有关,可全面代表李自成政权颁铸官印的自名特点、尺寸规制、款识流变等。这两方原属河南的李自成政权官印遗落在陕西,与李自成由北京退回陕西后,局势的迅疾糜烂密不可分,折射了李自成起义由盛而衰的历史轨迹。     

大汶口文化的立鸟陶器和瓶形陶文

新近安徽蒙城尉迟寺遗址发现的大汶口文化晚期的立鸟陶器,实即带有茅草或羽状装饰的陶祖,是东夷人祖先崇拜的产物。山东莒县陵阳河等墓地出土的大汶口文化晚期的瓶形陶文,不过是这类神圣陶祖的抽象形式,有可能就是“且”（祖）字的原型。     

宋代礼治论

在宋代思想家的观念中,社会秩序的基本原则是以道德为基础并涵盖法律与宗教的礼,德礼与政刑是本末体用关系,内在的道德原则决定着外在的礼乐政刑。为政以礼的内涵是：以道德为内容,以教化为手段,培养百姓眼从尊卑贵贱的等级秩序、遵守法度禁令的自觉性,从而消除社会动乱的根源。而刑罚也是推行道德教化的强制性。段．宋儒以礼治本于人性、刑政出自德礼的思想重建了传统儒家礼治论的形上学基础。