从《刘向歆父子年谱》看钱穆的史学理念

《刘向歆父子年谱》是钱穆先生的成名作,它以坚实的证据解决了经学史上的一个大问题——康有为所力主的刘歆伪造诸经之说不成立。这一学术成就的取得,不是在一般意义上超越了今古文窠臼,而是一本“经学上之问题,同时即为史学上之问题”的原则,彻底破除了经学上的门户之见,并冲破了“六经皆史”说之樊篱,达到了将经学问题转化为史学问题的目的。围绕《刘向歆父子年谱》及其相关问题,钱穆与顾颉刚展开了有意义的讨论,这一讨论虽仍牵涉到今古文经学的一些老问题,但与清末康有为、章太炎之争已大为不同,非为带有浓厚政治意味的经学争论,而是史学层面上的正常学术讨论,“于史学立场,而为经学显真是”。对于中国历史学而言,无论是钱穆的信而有疑,还是顾颉刚的疑而有信,最终可以说是殊途同归,皆有益于近代新史学的成长壮大。     

论刘知几处世思想的成因与史学思想的渊源

现实生活中的刘知几从敢于直言劝谏,有着强烈的济世之志,逐渐发展到随波逐流、明哲保身,其中既与严酷的政治现实有关,也与其受老庄消极处世思想的影响有关。他的史学思想深受王充、刘勰等人的影响,但决不盲从前人的观点。他注意广泛汲取古今学者的思想精华,创造性地对中国史学理论进行了首次总结,开了史学批评的先河。     

浙江景宁畲族做圣科采录报告

畲族主要分布于我国东南沿海地区,至今仍保存有不少本民族特有的文化,为亡者做圣科及拔伤的规仪则是其中之一。首次采集和整理出畲族人做圣科仪式的全过程,是一次对口头非物质文化遗产抢救、保护、传承的有益尝试,它为研究畲民俗文化提供了一份难得的标本。     

中古家训的社会价值分析

本文通过对《颜氏家训》和司马光《家范》两者的篇目设置、关注重点、治家原则以及家族命运的担忧与期望诸问题进行讨论,分析中古家训的社会价值,借以阐释中古社会历史发展的趋势特征。     

中国古代的礼器组合制度

中国古代的礼器组合形式分为殷、周两大文化系统。殷商文化系统的礼器组合形式是鼎、簋、豆、笾等的组合,皆呈偶数形式,表现出殷人追求对称美以及对女性的尊重。而周文化系统的礼器组合形式是：鼎呈奇数、簋、豆、笾等皆呈偶数。奇数组合可以突出一个“居中”、“中央”、“太极”的地位,然后再形成对称形式,表现了周天子至高地位的形成。周文化系统的鼎与簋、豆、笾等礼器组合,呈奇、偶纽合形式,反映了周人的阴阳思想意识。     

陕西临潼康家龙山文化遗址1990年发掘动物遗存

一、前言 陕西临潼康家遗址是龙山时期的村落遗址,面积约１９万平方米。自１９８１年以来,曾进行过多次发掘①,出土了大量动物骨骼,本文将分析１９９０年夏秋两季发掘中出土的动物遗存。 １９９０年发掘是在遗址的中南部进行的,发掘 １０ × １０米探方１个（１２６）。康家遗址Ｔ２６的龙山地层厚度约３米,发现迭压多层的房屋一排,房前的院子里有许多灰坑。大部分兽骨出于灰坑和房屋的夯土墙内。发掘报告尚未发表,但为叙述方便本文根据建筑遗迹的分布情况初步将龙山文化地层分为早晚两期。早期：厚度约２米,每层房基包括４间房屋…     

Artifacts that speak for themselves: Sounds underfoot in Mesoamerica

Previously overlooked in archaeological research, natural sounds emitted from the underground affect humans and culture. In this paper, it is suggested that noises generated by subterranean ground movement, water, wind, and wildlife are a reason why residents in Mesoamerica perceive caves, waterholes, limestone sinks, and mountains as sacred. Too, a mental grasp of the sounds, conceptualized as anthropomorphized voices and music, may have been employed as an ideological basis for authority in Maya society. Support is shown using examples of ethnohistory, ethnography, and archaeology. Called for is the systematic collection and study of underground sounds, as artifacts, to define the noises as possible use determinants in ritual venues and settlement sites. Their potential importance as early warning devices for destructive agents in the natural environment suggests that an understanding of the noises and their regard by residents in the region could contribute to theory-building in anthropology, particularly in issues of human-environment relations, and sociocultural development.     

Food, drink and ritualised communication in the household of Eleanor de Montfort, February to August 1265

This article investigates the use of feasts and gifts of food in the household of Eleanor de Montfort between February and August 1265. In his influential The dangers of ritual, Philippe Buc argued, through a study of early medieval chronicles, that rituals in medieval Europe were regularly targets for disruption and aggressive manipulation either in practice or in the texts reporting the rituals. This article tests Buc’s thesis against administrative records from thirteenth-century England. The evidence from Eleanor’s household accounts is illuminated through a study of contemporary literary sources and didactic texts. It concludes that the administrative records indicate that rituals in practice were less habitually the subject of manipulation and conflict than the literary evidence indicates.     

The mead-hall community

The paper provides background context to the Anglo-Saxon concept of the ‘mead-hall’, the role of conspicuous consumption in early medieval society and the use of commensality to strengthen horizontal and vertical social bonds. Taking as its primary starting point the evidence of the Old English verse tradition, supported by linguistic and archaeological evidence and contemporary comparative material, the paper draws together contemporaneous and modern insights into the nature of feasting as a social medium. The roles of the ‘lord’ and ‘lady’ as community leaders are examined, with particular regard to their position at the epicentre of radiating social relationships. Finally, the inverse importance of the mead-hall as a declining social institution and a developing literary construct is addressed.     

Interpreting Ritual as Performance and Theory Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania 2010 Distinguished Lecture

ABSTRACT The paper looks at specific rituals and their relationships with dance in Hawaii, Tonga, Bulgaria, and India. These four short case studies explore the relationship between dance and ritual, in particular how dance is presented as representing the ritual past. I bring ‘structured movement,’ as one of ritual's distinguishing marks, to center stage to explore how ritual movement and dance are related.