隋代《区宇图志》的编纂问题——兼论隋炀帝对地理学的贡献

隋炀帝大业年间编纂了《诸郡物产土俗记》、《区宇图志》、《诸州图经集》3部大型地理图书。前后参与其事的编纂《区宇图志》者近50人,现在可考者约10人。隋炀帝时,《区宇图志》多次重修,其原因有三方面。一是修撰者的文体繁复,二是体例失当,三是修撰者狭隘的民族观、区域观念。而隋炀帝时编纂多种地理图书的条件之一,是隋朝对全国各地吏治、民情、风俗、物产的调查。其直接原因,则是隋炀帝的文化素养,以及实际的经济和政治目的,即地理图书作为国家征收赋税土贡的根据,以地理图书来记载其统一华戎的功业、以地理图书归美隋炀帝的政治目的。隋炀帝对地理学有其贡献。     

论晚清湘绅对外患的抵制与湖南经济近代化

在内外条件的刺激下,晚清湘绅对西方新事物和帝国主义势力的渗透,经历了由盲目排斥到以创办实业为主进行抵制的变化过程。在创办和发展实业的过程中,一些绅士的态度是矛盾的。但总体上说,促进了湖南经济的近代化。     

Singing Punishment and Redemption in the Taiping Civil War: Yu Zhi’s Plays

Among the dramatists who depicted the Taiping Civil War, attempting to find meaning in the carnage and chaos, Yu Zhi (1809–74) is unique. He wrote plays during and after the war, so he considers the chaos from two historical vantage points. As one of the earliest literati to write plays in the newly popular pihuang form, he addressed different actual and imagined audiences compared to his peers. Although virtually all extant plays take an absolute anti-Taiping stance, his plays differ from his contemporaries’ in their focus on morality rather than sentiment, and on edification rather than commemoration. At the root of these differences is an understanding of the nature of evil, redemption, and belief.     

《大元混一方舆胜览》的价值与缺陷

《大元混一方舆胜览》是现存唯一一部完整的元代地理总志, 迄今无人对其进行专门研究, 本文作者因整理之故, 举例若干, 就其价值与缺陷进行了较为全面的梳理, 勾画了一个大致轮廓, 希望有助于读者对该书的理解和使用。     

Crafting the ��New Woman�� in China��s left-wing cinema of the 1930s: Sun Yu��s three films

“New Woman” and “Modern Girl” discourse prevailed in China in the early twentieth century. The left-wing cinema of the 1930s engaged in this discourse and created a filmic space in which to negotiate gender and modernity. Focusing on three films directed by Sun Yu (1900–90): Wild Rose, Little Toys and The Highway, this paper compares Sun Yu’s new women with those in two other films: Lessons for Girls, a lesser known but interesting caricature of “new” women, and the New Woman, the best known of the “new woman” genre, both of which depict how urban, petty bourgeois women failed in their struggles for independence. In sharp contrast, Sun Yu used poetic realism to create a series of refreshingly independent working class women characters that successfully combined traditional moral values and modern patriotism and resisted the radical anti-traditionalism of the new woman discourse. This paper offers a differentiated analysis of the diverse and complex ways in which China’s left-wing cinema negotiated gender and modernity in the 1930s.     

太平天国侯相考

张德坚《贼情汇纂》和太平天国自身献《天情道理书》与《天父圣旨》中有所谓的“侯相”称谓。通过对这些献使用“侯相”一词的语境进行分析可知,这既不是人名,亦非单指既为侯又为相的某类人,它和晚清封建统治阶级官场上的“侯相”不同,而是对太平天国身为侯爵和六官丞丞相官职的人的统称,是一种复指。太平天国将侯与相统称“侯相”有其一定的权力基础与礼制基础。     

对《列女仁智图》的新认识

2001年在大英博物馆举办的《女史箴图》国际学术讨论会上,我曾从山水画的发展脉络并辅以服饰、器具等图像资料,论证了《女史箴图》非顾恺之作,而应是一幅北魏孝文帝当政时期的宫廷绘画作品。在认识传世早期绘画作品的过程中,当文献严重失载的情况下,借助考古发掘图像资料是解决一些问题的惟一办法。从这一方法入手,我认为传为顾恺之的《列女仁智图》虽然被公认为宋人摹本,但是它的原本要早于《女史箴图》,这不但有司马金龙墓出土的漆屏风画《列女古贤图》为证,而且从衣冠服饰及其它器具的图像也可证明,它的原本可以早到东汉时代。从反复传模中能保存这样久远的图像并且能真实地反映当时的生活,这件摹本的价值就非同寻常了,至于是否顾恺之作,就不甚重要了。     

甘肃崇信于家湾西周墓出土青铜器的金相与成分分析

为探索先周时代以至西周初年周人的活动地域和陇东地区先周文化的发展历史,运用光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪,对甘肃崇信于家湾出土的先周至西周早中期16件青铜器的金相组织、合金成分和制作工艺进行研究。发现有13件为低锡青铜,3件为高锡青铜;就制作材质而言,共有锡青铜5件,铅锡青铜8件,铅青铜、CuS- nPbAs四元合金和CuSnPbFe四元合金各1件;其中4件经热锻加工制成,12件为铸造加工制成。5件铜盆中的4件是目前经金相分析确认的最早的锻打成形青铜容器。本工作为甘肃地区先周至西周时期青铜器和青铜文化研究提供了重要的科学信息。     

Can Lost Maps Speak? Toward a Cultural History of Map Reading in Medieval China

Despite the fact that virtually no Chinese maps have survived from the first millennium, it is nonetheless possible to reconstruct a rich context associated with their production, use and perception from a variety of written sources. Three cases from the Tang dynasty (618–907 ce) are presented in this article in which the characteristics of the missing maps emerge through their associated texts, which have outlasted them. These examples include two documents that once accompanied maps presented to the emperor and an anecdote that refers to a map of the remote southern frontier. They demonstrate that the maps were designed not only to encapsulate imperial territory but also to serve as guideposts for aspirational travel. They were also perceived by their users as invitations to experiences both desirable and undesirable.     

试论俞正燮对俄罗斯研究的贡献

出于良史忧世的情怀,清朝著名学者俞正燮由考据转向经世,撰写系列专题文章,简要叙述了俄罗斯历史,追溯考察了中俄关系史,专题辨析了俄罗斯佐领,成就显著。俞正燮的俄罗斯研究,体现出他较为强烈的经世旨趣、擅长从考据入手,以及注重文献佐证的治学特点。俞正燮对俄罗斯的研究,不仅首开风气,自成体系,而且影响极为深远。究其原因,一是出于他高度的爱国责任感和使命感;二是和参与《大清会典》的纂修有直接关系;三是受他的幕府生涯,以及师友交游的影响。俞正燮对俄罗斯做出了开拓性和基础性的研究。