篦纹的起源与传播

篦纹是裴李岗文化最显著的特点之一。它的产生、发展以及与周边文化的关系,是考古学界所关注的问题之一。根据篦纹在中国的时空分布,其渊源应当是裴李岗文化。它随着裴李岗文化的衰亡而在中原消失,却在中国的南、北方的广大地区得到充分发展,并且距中原愈远则时代也愈晚。     

传统农区城乡体系空间结构演变及其形成机制研究——以河南省周口市为例

以传统农区周口市为研究对象，利用聚落斑块面积和相关社会经济指标，探讨了周口市城乡体系空间结构演变规律与作用机制。研究发现，周口市城乡体系空间结构演变呈现低端均衡结构（1973年）-点轴结构（1990年）-中心外围结构（2000年）-圈层结构（2015年）的演进过程，每种结构对城乡要素流动的方向和作用各不相同，从而使城乡体系的空间结构各不相同。交通导向机制是影响城乡体系空间结构演变的早期主导因素，促进城镇体系空间结构不断拓展，并带动乡村体系空间结构不断更迭；特色产业是影响城乡体系空间结构的新机制，助推城乡体系空间结构进一步完善；政府作用机制有效地引导城乡体系空间拓展方向，推动城乡空间格局结构性地演变。     

故宫博物院旧藏漆器文物中漆灰材质的科学研究

漆灰的修复是漆器文物修复工作的重要组成部分。为揭示故宫博物院旧藏漆器3种典型漆灰的材料构成及特点,以及为漆器修复工作提供科技支持,研究结合X射线荧光光谱、微区X射线衍射、红外光谱、纤维显微镜观测、热裂解-气相色谱/质谱联用等技术,综合分析了3种典型漆灰所含无机及有机原材料。研究结果表明：明代古梅花蕉叶式琴漆灰所用无机材料是动物角灰或骨灰及少量黏土,胶结材料则由中国大漆及少量植物油组成;清代黑漆描金大宝座漆灰的无机材料为含有方解石的黏土,胶结材料为熟桐油、猪血的混合物,此外,样品中还含有麻类纤维,为宝座木胎与漆灰层之间所裱麻布,宝座漆灰不但能提供平整髹漆表面,而且还对麻布有加固定型作用;清代黑漆地填金字张廷玉书圣训天伦对联漆灰的无机材料为黏土,胶结材料则为熟桐油、猪血的混合物。研究所用分析方法体系可实现漆灰原材料,特别是有机胶结材料的准确识别。3种典型漆灰的选材特点与中国古代漆器,特别是明清时期家具、器物制作用料传统相吻合,研究结果可直接应用于漆器文物修复方案的制定。     

A Comparison of Radiological and Palaeopathological Diagnostic Criteria for Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a common clinical finding in post-menopausal women, less often in men. The characteristic billowing symmetrical new bone formation is found on the endocranial surface of the skull and rarely causes any significant symptoms. In clinical medicine HFI is diagnosed from its X-ray appearance, whereas in palaeopathology it is diagnosed by direct observation of the skull. There are no standard palaeopathological criteria to diagnose HFI. In past populations HFI appears to be much less common than today, with modern prevalences of up to 70 per cent of women over 40 affected, compared with archaeological prevalences of between 1 and 4 per cent. This discrepancy has been attributed to a younger mean age at death in ancient populations. This study aims to test the hypothesis that the difference in prevalence may be due in part to the differential nature of diagnosis between the two disciplines. A sample of 85 skulls was X-rayed, and the presence of HFI was recorded using radiological criteria. Using this method the results showed a marked increase in the number of cases of HFI to 31 per cent in females in the ancient population. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol., 7 : 157–164 (1997) No. of Figures: 4. No. of Tables: 3. No. of References: 13.     

基于DBSCAN算法的民宿集群识别、分布格局及影响因素——以南京市为例

以南京市Airbnb网站民宿商家为例,综合利用DBSCAN聚类算法、空间变异函数、地理加权回归模型刻画南京市民宿的空间特征及影响因素.结果表明:①南京市民宿已经形成"25124"的5等级14集群格局,呈现"两横两纵"的"井"字形空间布局特征;②民宿密度分布存在空间异质性,各个街道之间存在较强的空间自相关,民宿密度分布受...     

跨世纪的广西区域开发战略格局

广西是中国唯一沿海沿边的少数民族自治区。亚热带农林土特产品、水电、铝锰锡建材为主的矿产、旅游资源丰富;作为西南出海大通道,地缘政治经济地位突出。迈向21世纪,将进一步完善大通道为主的交通、能源、通讯为主的基础设施结构,建成七大系列支柱产业基地,形成五大经济区的区域开发战略格局,由此而成为中国沿海新兴的少数民族经济发展热点地区。     

中国古典诗词中地理景观信息及其旅游地理意义分析

中国古典诗词作为中华民族优秀传统文化结晶,其中充满了大量的优美地理景观信息,这些地理景观大多成为现代旅游风景。本文对这些地理景观信息加以分析,提出其地域类型并探讨其旅游地理意义。     

Identifying the Impacts of Land-Use Spatial Patterns on Street-Network Accessibility Using Geospatial Methods

While the land use-street network nexus is well acknowledged, evidence for the one-way impacts of land-use patterns on street accessibility is still inadequate. The measurements of land-use patterns and street accessibility lack systematic knowledge. Their empirical correlations also lack geographical variability, constraining site-specific land-use practices. Therefore, this study overcame the aforementioned limitations by examining the two-level spatial models to formulate accessibility-oriented land plans, using a well-developed Chinese city as an example. Firstly, two landscape metrics—Euclidean Nearest-Neighbor Distance (ENN) and Similarity Index (SIMI)—were used to quantify the intra- and inter-land-use configurations, respectively. Both city-level and local accessibility were measured using spatial design network analysis. Performing both ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models, results identified the statistically significant effects of inter-land-use patterns on two-level street accessibility. An exception was that land-use configurations within residential and industrial regions were irrelevant to street accessibility. We also found GWR was a better-fitting model than OLS when estimating locally-varied accessibility, suggesting hierarchical multiscale land-use planning. Overall, locally heterogeneous evidence in this study can substantialize land use-street network interactions and support the decision-making and implementation of place-specific accessibility-oriented land use.     

西周父盉的铸造技术特征及其保护处理

作者通过X光照相无损检测分析方法,搞清了西周癧父的现状;以及器物与体连接部位和盖内部的结构形貌,并主要介绍了该器物的铸造技术特征和保护处理方法。     

经济全球化背景下的中国对外贸易

经济全球化是当今世界经济发展最显著的特征,改革开放使中国及时赶上经济全球化的高潮,对外贸易则是中国与世界经济交流的主要形式。本文在概述经济全球化的基础上,回顾了改革开放以来中国对外贸易的发展,表现出对外贸易额迅猛扩张、外贸结构不断优化、不断深化的外贸体制改革以及波动之中的贸易条件等特征。展示了中国对外贸易空间分布不均衡的格局,无论国内对外贸易的分布还是主要贸易伙伴的构成都体现出这一特点,说明中国的对外开放仍然处在较低的水平,并分析了加入世贸组织对中国的经贸发展的影响。