X射线显微CT成像技术在金属文物制作工艺研究与腐蚀状态评估中的应用

金属腐蚀过程不仅受环境等外部因素的影响,制作工艺、合金组成及缺陷等内部因素同样起着重要作用。为实现金属文物制作工艺和内部腐蚀状态的可视化研究,运用X射线显微CT对铜镜文物碎片以及出土、海洋出水铁质文物样品进行扫描探测,并结合X射线荧光、X射线衍射等检测手段,开展金属文物材质、工艺及矿化程度的综合分析。结果表明,在显微CT影像重建基础上,通过设定不同的阈值,可实现文物内部缺陷、腐蚀矿化程度等内部信息的测量统计。该方法可为金属文物材质、制作工艺研究和腐蚀状态评估提供无损的研究手段。     

都市社区旅游国际化的"新天地"模式

都市社区旅游的国际化是大都市国际化的先导和符号。大都市社区旅游不仅是都市旅游空间组织和发展的重要模式,也是旅游产品国际化的重要表现形式。从社区国际化的视角思考都市旅游目的地建设,实现旅游国际化与社区发展的良性互动,是都市旅游发展的新途径。社区旅游国际化的关键在于社区旅游环境氛围的文化底蕴地方化、旅游服务质量的国际化、接待游客来源的国际多元化、旅游产品供给与体验的国际时尚化。基于上海石库门社区文化特色的“新天地”模式,具有都市社区旅游国际化的示范和启迪效应。     

长三角区域旅游线路模式及目的地类型研究

本文基于旅游社国内观光旅游线路报价单,统计并分析长三角区域旅游线路空间模式的类型、特征,以及长三角地区旅游目的地类型。结果表明,单目的地模式和完全环游模式是长三角地区最重要的两种旅游线路模式;长三角地区各目的地在旅游线路中出现频次存在较大的差异,呈现明显的等级层次;长三角旅游目的地类型主要表现为单一型、门户型以及出口型;通过对旅游线路中各目的出现频次的统计可见,长三角目的地呈现核心——边缘空间结构格局。     

多尺度下中国人口老龄化风险集群的时空格局——Flexible空间扫描计量方法的应用

运用Flexible空间扫描计量方法,对比分析了省、市和县域尺度上的老龄化风险集群的时空格局。发现：老龄化成为全国人口结构转型的主旋律,少子化成为新常态,老龄化区域非均衡加剧,并存多种区域模式;三种尺度识别出的风险集群都集中分布于东南半壁;集群的风险程度与地域范围随时间不断扩大,但集群间的风险差异趋于缩小。总体而言,尺度越小,识别出的集群分布越分散,定位越精确,风险越高,差异越大。针对不同地区的人口-经济发展情况,提出保障生育,发展养老产业,基本公共服务均等化,就地、近城镇化等的老龄化风险应对策略。     

PROVENANCING AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF ROMAN MILLSTONES FROM SARDINIA (ITALY)

Summary. Sardinia was an important Roman settlement and trade centre between 238 BC–500 AD and is an ideal site for study of Roman trade. Study of Roman millstones in Sardinia shows that the commonest type is the Pompeian (hour-glass) mill (forty-eight stones studied), with smaller numbers of cylindrical hand querns (sixteen stones studied). Most of these millstones are composed of igneous rocks which include grey vesicular lavas of basic/intermediate composition and a distinctive reddish rhyolitic ignimbrite. There is historical and archaeological evidence for millstone manufacture at six localities in Sardinia. Visual and petrographic study and X-ray fluorescence analysis for major and trace elements of seventeen millstone samples, and fifty rock samples from potential source areas have been used to provenance the igneous rock millstones. The grey vesicular lava millstones have varied sources within the Tertiary-Recent volcanic rocks of Sardinia, while the millstones composed of rhyolitic ignimbrite are from a single source of Tertiary ignimbrite at Mulargia (central west Sardinia). A single hand mill from the north of Sardinia was imported probably from Agde in southern France, and is the only sample composed of non-local rock. Mulargia millstones were widely traded within the western Mediterranean and show a rapid decrease in frequency of occurrence with increasing distance from the source. Sardinia was therefore an important centre of Roman millstone production and a source of millstone trade during the period of Roman settlement.     

中国大城市旅游休闲业态的空间格局研究：西安案例

明确大城市旅游休闲业态的分布规律对于提高大城市旅游休闲要素配置效率及完善城市现代服务业体系具有重要意义。本文以机构兴趣点（POI）数据为基础,利用最邻近距离指数、核密度估计及地理探测器等空间分析方法,以西安市为案例探究中国大城市旅游休闲业态空间格局的规律性。结果表明,西安城市旅游休闲总体业态和细分业态均表现为在城市中心局部多核集聚,且业态密度由城市中心区向边缘区梯度递减的分布结构。而这一规律实则为消费市场、CBD区位、经济水平和路网密度等因素综合作用的结果。文章认为,为提高大城市旅游休闲产业要素配置的均衡性与高效性,城市管理者需兼顾城市中心及外围区域的统筹发展,并应在消费引导、资本投入、功能区建设和基础设施优化方面加大对外围区域的支持力度。     

Canada‐United States interregional trade: quasi‐points and spatial change

Interregional trade between Canada and the United States has undergone significant change since the inception of free trade. However, the magnitude of that change for the different regions in Canada and the United States has not been properly identified because of a lack of an appropriate measure. This paper introduces the concept of a quasi‐point and employs a spatial point pattern test to measure the degree of change in the interregional trade of Canadian provinces and US states, with an emphasis of that change on Ontario. It is found that the degree of change in the interregional trade flows is related to the degree of change in the provincial tariff rates.     

Metallurgical findings from a Viking Age chieftain’s farm in Iceland

The metalworking, metal import, and use of metal in medieval Iceland is still little understood. When the Scandinavian settlers colonized Iceland in the 9th c. AD, the island was found to contain no useful metal deposits save for bog iron, and the deforestation that followed the settlement resulted in a scarcity of wood. Only in the last decades have archaeological excavations begun to unravel how the first Icelanders dealt with this lack of resources. This paper presents the metallurgical findings from a Viking Age chieftain's farmstead at Hrísbrú in the Mosfell valley, located just outside Iceland’s present-day capital Reykjavik. The excavated metal objects had all been crafted with good workmanship employing technology similar to that used in mainland Scandinavia. However, most excavated metal finds show evidence of re-use, which together with the second-grade metal in some of the objects indicates a shortage of raw material that prompted the Icelandic colonizers to improvise and make do with whatever material was at hand.     

Life at the end of the Holocene moist phase in south‐east Arabia — the Late Neolithic site of Jebel Thanais 1 (JTH1)

The surface site of Jebel Thanais 1 is located in the Emirate of Sharjah (U.A.E.) at the western flank of the Jebel Faya/Jebel Buhais anticline structure. A dense scatter of lithic artefacts and fireplaces indicates Stone Age settlement activities in this area. Radiocarbon dates obtained from fireplaces date the occupation of the site to both the beginning and the very end of the fifth millennium cal. BC. During the second half of the fifth millennium the deterioration of climatic conditions in south‐east Arabia had a noticeable impact on settlement patterns and subsistence strategies. While coastal habitation sites from this time are well known along the shores of the Oman peninsula, only a few poorly dated sites allow insights into habitation and raw material procurement strategies and lithic technology in the interior. Investigations into the spatial structure of the site and an analysis of lithic finds will contribute to a better understanding of this period.     

关于新石器时代的三次“革命”

在新石器时代文化研究中,农业革命和城市革命的理论认识早就普遍接受。但把农业革命作为新石器时代革命的基本内容,仍不能充分解释旧石器时代向新石器时代的过渡问题。在农业革命之前,还应存在着以资源开发为目的、以居住方式变革为重要途径的居住革命,即发达的新石器时代文化曾经历过的三次革命性变化。