北美大都市区规划及其对珠江三角洲的启示

本文简要回顾了北美大都市区及大都市区规划的发展历程,重点讨论了当今大都市区规划的影响因素和力求解决的热点问题,并比较了未来大都市区规划的两种主要模式,最后提出了对于珠江三角洲大都市区规划的几点启示。     

城镇密集区及其相关概念研究的回顾与再思考

城镇密集区是一种独特的地域空间组织形式,本文在对国内外城镇密集区概念研究进行归纳总结的基础上,从内涵与外延两方面探讨了城镇密集区和都市区、城市带、城市群、城镇体系的区别与联系。     

西安城市问题及其新世纪城市空间发展构想

目前西安城市发展出现了无序扩张、生态环境破坏、交通拥塞、历史文化遗产保护不力等问题,这些问题与西安城市的过度向心聚集有关。为适应新世纪西安大发展的需要,应拓展西安城市发展空间,建立西安都市区。西安都市区应采用双轴线空间发展结构,并以此重新构建其交通、产业和生态发展空间。     

大城市外围地区流动人口结构及其城镇建设用地使用特征研究——以深圳市平湖镇为例

文章以深圳市平湖镇为例,通过实地考察和典型调查,对大城市外围地区流动人口的结构及其城镇建设用地使用特征进行研究。发现平湖的流动人口结构较为简单,大多数是来自我国西南落后地区青壮年农村剩余劳动力,并且以务工和经商为主。由于其从业特征的差异,务工和经商人员分别集中在城镇工业区和商业区内,人口分布密度较高,人均建设用地面积严重偏低。文章认为在大城市外围地区的城市规划中必须加强对流动人口的用地需求研究,以解决大规模的流动人口与相对紧缺的城镇用地之间的矛盾,并且进一步做了平湖流动人口用地需求分析,提出其规划调整建议。     

都市圈一体化研究进展与展望

一体化发展是区域高质量发展和协调治理的新要求,由于其空间尺度不同,出现了区域一体化、城市群一体化和都市圈一体化等多个概念。都市圈是城市群的重要组成单元和城镇化的重要空间载体,加强都市圈一体化研究,对于实现区域内部、区域与国家、区域与全球的协调融合发展具有重要意义。本文对近20年来中国都市圈一体化相关研究文献进行梳理。综述结果表明：(1)一体化及都市圈概念尚未形成统一的定义,使得都市圈一体化在概念表述上存在一定差异。(2)研究理论框架多借鉴经济学和管理学,理论的适配性限制了对都市圈一体化的机理研究。(3)多学科交叉融合研究匮乏,高适配性的理论体系构建还有待加强。(4)随着国家发展战略调整和区域一体化实践的深入,都市圈一体化研究正面临制度、功能、生态、文化和关系等方面的转向。     

中国八大都市区管治阶段的判定

中国正处于都市区化带动城市化发展的新城市时代,这种新的城市化发展状况要求我们关注大都市区的管治,而大都市区发展状况也与治理有着相当程度的关联。在借助城市流模型对目前中国大陆地区存在的八大都市区集聚扩散分析的基础上,通过关注各个大都市区非政府部门的发育状况,尝试性地分析了这些大都市区管治所处的阶段,并对国外大都市区研究进行总结,认为优化城市体系结构、加强非政府组织的建设、完善公民参与机制是提高我国大都市区管治效益的关键。     

An evaluation of local policies and actions that address climate change in Turkish metropolitan cities

As sites of climatic impacts, cities have become key players in climate policy-making in order to reduce GHG emissions and vulnerabilities of settlements. They started taking actions in various fields such as built environment, water and waste management, transportation and urban greenery. However, the involvement of cities in climate policy-making varies over countries and regions; the extent of involvement differentiates even among the cities of the same country. This paper focuses on the Turkish case and elaborates the current status of climate policy-making in Turkish metropolitan cities. It aims at identifying achievements at the local level and pointing to challenges for an effective local climate action, which can be helpful for other contexts, too. Having conducted both desk-based and questionnaire surveys, it examines and categorizes climate-related actions in metropolitan municipalities, and highlights varying levels of achievements in terms of sectors and innovativeness. The study concludes with analysing the motives behind varying achievements of municipalities as well as the main challenges for local action and discussing policy implications to overcome them.     

Has planning been de‐democratised in Sydney?

This paper investigates the complex and continuously evolving processes of de‐democratisation evident in urban planning practice in Sydney between 2011 and 2017. New South Wales' successive rounds of planning reform, establishment of a metropolitan commission, and amalgamation of local governments over that period have aimed to reduce local democratic participation in planning decisions, but they have had uneven success. I argue that while New South Wales' efforts to streamline development and de‐democratise planning have evolved considerably in response to multiple forms of opposition, the success of the neoliberal project is still uncertain. The insights this story offers add complexity to theorists' claims about the inevitability of depoliticisation and the end of meaningful democratic engagement. The story also offers insights about how power is created, lost, and regained in particular local circumstances.     

城市犯罪风险区位因子与风险地形分析——以武汉市主城区为例

从犯罪背景空间、场所空间、联接空间和聚集空间四个层次,构建城市犯罪风险区位因子体系。以武汉市主城区为研究区域,以立案判决的“两抢一盗”犯罪为数据源,综合运用空间句法、犯罪近重复分析和地理加权回归模型方法进行犯罪风险地形建模实证研究。结果表明,犯罪风险区位因子对犯罪空间分布的影响具有显著的空间异质性;依据多层次的犯罪风险区位因子体系及其对犯罪行为的影响机制,城市犯罪高风险区域可分为城市商业中心、火车站交通枢纽、城中村和城乡结合部等几大类型。基于犯罪地理学理论构建的犯罪风险区位因子体系模拟的犯罪风险地形对实际犯罪空间分布有良好的解释度,可为城市犯罪分布环境形成机制的研究提供相关借鉴。     

The Challenge of Change: Australian Cities and Urban Planning in the New Millennium

This paper reviews recent research on the changing spatial structure of Australia's major cities from the early 1990s, concentrating on (a) the location of employment and journey to work patterns, (b) the changing nature of housing, and (c) patterns of residential differentiation and disadvantage. The paper argues that the 1990s was a watershed decade during which some taken‐for‐granted aspects of Australian urban character experienced significant change. It then examines the latest generation of strategic planning documents for these major metropolitan areas, all published between 2002 and 2005, and argues that there is a mismatch between the strategies’ consensus view of desirable future urban structure, based on containment, consolidation and centres, and the complex realities of the evolving urban structures. In particular, the current metropolitan strategies do not come to terms with the dispersed, suburbanised nature of much economic activity and employment and the environmental and social issues that flow from that, and they are unconvincing in their approaches to the emerging issues of housing affordability and new, finer‐grained patterns of suburban inequality and disadvantage. Overall, the paper contends that current metropolitan planning strategies suggest an inflexible, over‐neat vision for the future that is at odds with the picture of increasing geographical complexity that emerges from recent research on the changing internal structure of our major cities.