The Impact of recovery methods on taxonomic richness in Roman faunal assemblages

Recovery methods can affect species richness in faunal assemblages, which can in turn impact interpretations of diet. A comparison of sample size to species richness across faunal collections from screened and from unscreened deposits associated with Roman occupations clearly shows these influences. Not surprisingly, the rate of species input was higher for collections recovered using screening methods than for collections not recovered from screens. Syntheses of published data and comparative analyses of faunal assemblages must be cognizant of whether or not included assemblages were recovered using screens.     

Some Discussions on Data-Driven Testing of Ground-Motion Prediction Equations under the Turkish Ground-Motion Database

Data-driven testing of ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) can help researchers in the ranking and selection of GMPEs for seismic hazard assessment. This paper presents and discusses the details of the major features of well-known testing methods which employ likelihood and Euclidean distance concepts. A set of local, regional, and global GMPEs are assessed under a ground-motion database. The data-driven testing of GMPEs is supported by thorough residual analyses under the database, providing valuable insights into the testing of GMPEs. The researchers are advised to evaluate all options together instead of focusing on a specific tool to build well-structured ground-motion logic trees.     

Interventions on military mobilities

Mobility and movement are central to military actions and military life, and yet despite an increasing concern with military geographies and the geographies of mobility, little consideration has been given by scholars to the political geographies of military mobilities and movements, past or present. In these interventions, we examine how these different bodies of work might intersect, focusing on social media, methods for tracing military mobilities, the role of military technologies in facilitating everyday mobilities, and the more-than-human dimensions of military mobilities.     

Bison Bone Fragmentation and Survivorship: a Comparative Method

Zooarchaeologists usually describe a bone fragment as a particular portion or segment using terminology based on skeletal orientation (e.g. proximal, anterior, lateral). A more precise understanding of bone fragmentation can be achieved by naming portions for discrete anatomical features and defined zones. Since the anatomical features are the diagnostic criteria for identifying and orienting bones, each specimen normally has at least one such portion, and a complete element contains all of them. This recording method facilitates study of the relationship between survivorship and volume density, and it enhances inter-site comparisons. The method employs the minimum number of elements (MNE) and minimum animal units (MAU) across a site-wide aggregate. Although illustrated here with an analysis of bison bones, the method can be adapted for the study of other taxa as well as for inter-species comparisons.     

Practical Application of Digital Photogrammetry for Fieldwork in the American Midwest: An Example from the Middle Ohio Valley

The use of close-range digital photogrammetry for field documentation has been steadily increasing in the past half decade in several parts of the world. However, this technology has not been widely utilized in archaeological contexts in the American Midwest. We explore the utility of close-range photogrammetry in this region with examples from the Guard site (12D29), a Fort Ancient village located in southeastern Indiana. This article outlines the methods utilized for production of georeferenced 3-D models of several units excavated during the 2016 field season. These models as well as plan and profile orthophotos derived from them act as important supplements to standard photographs and drawings made in the field and easily integrate with the site GIS. Overall, we found close-range digital photogrammetry to be very useful to better document excavation details, doing so for limited cost and time expenditure.     

出土遗物现场应急处置方法

近些年来,考古出土遗迹和遗物的种类越来越丰富,利用何种方法手段去处置和保护,使这些珍贵的遗迹和遗物有效地保存下去是一个重要的研究课题。为此,介绍了一些对考古出土遗迹和遗物有效的处置保护措施与方法,为考古学科的开展和研究提供更加全面翔实的实物资料。     

微痕考古——从微观信息认识历史过程的科学探索

微痕考古以显微观测与技术分析为基础,通过对自然微观痕迹、人类和其它动物行为痕迹的观察研究,阐释人类与动物的行为模式、生活环境、文化遗址埋藏现象等.并作为一种技术性工作广泛服务于我国的文物保护.微痕考古在工作方向、工作方法和工作结果方面,可以弥补传统考古工作和文物保护技术的不足,使考古工作从微观到宏观、从实验到理念、从局部到整体建立更全面、科学的分析过程.我国微痕考古近年迅速发展,专业队伍扩大、研究理念与实验技术进步、工作领域覆盖面拓宽近年微痕考古的重要收获,包括发现人类最早的戳刺性行为痕迹、人类最早的剥皮屠宰技术及刻划图案等;在玉器制作工艺与鉴定、石器使用痕迹与区域文化特点等方面也取得丰富成果.微痕考占的产生与发展,显示脱胎于自然科学的考古学专业,在与现代应用技术紧密结合下,使考古学在研究理念、分析技术和认知深度等方面正发生深刻变化.     

中国文物保护史研究之三题浅析

提要：文化遗产学正在日益成型,但其成熟完善的、富于实践指导意义的理论体系之建构还有很长的路要走．而快速发展的遗产保护实践又对此提出了紧迫要求。因而,回顾历史、学习历史当成为现实抉择。系统研究中国文物保护史不仅利于当今社会实践,亦利于传承人类遗产、提升精神品格。在祖国悠久的文物保护历程中．历代皇室、各级官吏、诸多学者以及千千万万的人民大众都为此付出了各种努力,尽管当初的目的各不相同。但在客观上都有效保护了历史文物,因此,应当通过组建研究团队、申报专项课题、全面搜集文献等对这些历史贡献展开全面研究．从而成就一部中国文物保护史。     

清东陵裕陵石桥维修与设计思路

清东陵裕陵共有五组石桥,石桥保存现状不同,维修方法也有所差异。本文根据其保存现状、维修内容及工程量大小将石桥分为两大类、四小类:两大类分别为实体维修型、复原型;四小类分别为简单整修型、小规模维修型、大规模维修型、复原型。不同类别,采用不同的维修思路及方法。对于实体维修型根据不同保存现状制定不同的维修方案;对于复原型,则参考类似桥体形制及官式做法进行详细的复原设计。     

Mixed Force and Displacement Control for Testing Base-Isolated Bearings in Real-Time Hybrid Simulation

This paper presents a robust mixed force and displacement control strategy for testing of base isolation bearings in real-time hybrid simulation. The mixed-mode control is a critical experimental technique to impose accurate loading conditions on the base isolation bearings. The proposed mixed-mode control strategy consists of loop-shaping and proportional-integral-differential controllers. Following experimental validation, the mixed-mode control was demonstrated through a series of real-time hybrid simulation. The experimental results showed that the developed mixed-mode control enables accurate control of dynamic vertical force on the base isolation bearings during real-time hybrid simulation.