“Et nulle autre me faict plus proprement homme que cette cy:” Michel de Montaigne's embodied masculinity

Writing in a period of considerable anxiety about gender roles, Montaigne (1533–92) developed a series of reflections on gender and masculinity in which he destabilized the gender and sexual hierarchies of early-modern France. First, drawing on an increasingly global archive of information about non-European societies, he argued that culture plays a major role in shaping the lives and experiences of women. Secondly, his understanding of nature enabled him to foster a notion of the equality of the sexes, even as he recognized that nature creates certain differences between men and women. Finally, on these foundations, Montaigne constructed a vision of masculinity that stresses it as an ethical value, one that he opposes above all to cruelty. Montaigne's sexual politics were, I suggest, at least in part a response to the Wars of Religion that had led to an excess of barbarity in early-modern France.     

旅游具身体验研究进展与展望

20世纪90年代初,受具身理论启发,学界开始关注旅游与身体的关系,旅游具身体验研究取得长足进展,但系统的研究评述与反思尚付阙如。基于知识社会学视角分析,旅游具身体验研究经历了酝酿、探索和拓展3个阶段,研究成果分布在两个维度、六大领域,其中视觉、其他感官知觉、躯体觉体验构成具身体验的共通性层面,主要由生理身体决定;性别分异、身体障碍和身份认同下的具身体验则属于具身体验的差异化层面,强调了身体的建构性。这些成果推动了旅游体验研究的范式变革。针对当前在成果系统性、主题集中度和方法适用性等方面的不足,未来的研究迫切需要明确具身化对于旅游体验研究的范式意义,围绕“遭遇”“栖居”“展演”和“实践”等范畴建立核心命题,并且注意中西方理论资源的会通和新兴与传统研究方法的结合,以具身体验、具身实践、具身景观和具身营销为探索重心,完善和深化旅游具身体验研究的知识体系。     

现阶段影响公民政治参与的非和谐因素分析

公民的政治参与是发展社会主义民主政治的应有之意。本文通过对现阶段影响我国公民政治参与的非和谐因素的分析,提出了提高公民参与的理性认识,逐步扩大我国公民政治参与健康、有序、和谐发展的有效途径。     

细菌纤维素保护修复木质文物的若干问题

通过研究产纤维素的醋杆菌Acetobacter sp.PDA菌静置培养时的生长,然后将其与小块的饱水木材一起静置培养,测定木块处理前后的湿重及扫描电镜观察的结果,肯定了细菌纤维素对木质文物有较好的修复效果.同时初步探讨了细菌纤维素修复木质文物现阶段存在的若干问题以及研究方向.     

河南洛阳龙门石窟潜溪寺岩体构造特征分析研究

为了治理龙门石窟潜溪寺的渗水,保护石窟造像,必须要先摸清岩体构造及渗水通道。本工作采用现场裂隙调查与物理探测相结合的方式对窟区岩体结构构造特征进行了分析研究,在对潜溪寺窟区复杂的岩体结构构造调查分析与现场物理探测实验的基础上,基本摸清了潜溪寺石窟区岩体构造特征和渗水通道。此方面的研究不仅有助于准确认识分析潜溪寺石窟水害的形成机理,对潜溪寺石窟水害的治理及其它类似石窟的渗水病害研究也具有示范和指导意义。     

汉代木胎鎏金银青铜瓶制作工艺探讨

年在山西打击文物犯罪专项行动中,追缴回一件汉代鎏金银青铜瓶,瓶内为一层木质内壁,是一件结合了木胎掏刻、分体铸造及鎏金银工艺的珍贵文物。 利用超景深视频显微镜对铜瓶表面及内层木胎进行表面形貌的显微观察,以获得制作过程遗留的微观痕迹;X射线探伤对铜瓶整体进行透视拍照,更准确地观察其内部构造;X射线荧光光谱分析技术对铜瓶外表面足部、腹部及颈部等关键部位进行合金成分分析,以确定其外表面装饰工艺,并以此还原其完整制作过程。结果表明,铜瓶为分体铸造工艺,流程为制模、制芯、制泥质外范、铸造、掏刻木胎、套装和鎏金银。铜瓶为上下两部分,中间以铜箍上子母扣的方式结合在一起;铜瓶本体材质为锡青铜,外表面金色部位为鎏金工艺,银白色部位为基于金层的鎏银工艺;瓶内的木胎为整块木材掏刻制成,而非拼接。 本工作选取了形制与工艺均较罕见的木胎鎏金银铜瓶,完整解释其工艺流程,结合青铜工艺发展史对研究结果进行印证,为此类工艺复杂且形制罕见的青铜酒器的保护修复提供了科学依据。     

充分发挥农民主体作用建设社会主义新农村

建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大历史任务,要完成这一历史任务,必须充分认识到,农民是新农村建设的主体。要切实解决忽视农民主体地位和利益的问题,重视、尊重和充分发挥农民建设社会主义新农村的主体作用,坚持以人为本,大力提高农民的综合素质,把培育新型农民贯穿于整个社会主义新农村建设的始终。     

Change within the change: pregnancy,liminality and adventure tourism in Mexico

Abstract

Despite the growing number of pregnant women engaging in outdoor adventure activities, very few studies have explored pregnancy or the specific needs and challenges of pregnant women in tourism research. To fill this gap in the literature, we examine the participation of pregnant women in adventure tourism through the theoretical lens of liminality. Conceptualising pregnancy as a liminal stage in which women are ‘suspended’ between two statuses, opens diverse possibilities to delve into women’s experiences of embodiment, bodily image and control. In this sense, pregnancy is understood as an ‘internal change’, which adds specific challenges to women’s practice of adventure tourism, including bodily changes and different perceptions of risk-taking. Similarly, the context of adventure tourism provides an ideal space to reflect on liminal transitions and the ‘outside changes’ that pregnant women go through in the predominantly masculinised spaces that characterise this tourism segment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 Mexican women who actively pursue adventure tourism and who had engaged in these activities during at least one pregnancy. The analysis indicates the importance of norms and social expectations experienced by pregnant women when doing adventure tourism. The concept of the ‘rhizomatic body’ proved to be a valuable tool when looking at the social taboos, prohibitions and rules that apply to pregnant women in specific sociocultural contexts (in this case, Mexico). By reframing and reconceptualising pregnant women and their practice of adventure activities, the social construction of pregnancy is elucidated. Finally, the study contributes to the understanding of alternative models and experiences of being a woman in gendered spaces, while shedding light on relevant behavioural patterns among pregnant tourists and the sociocultural impacts of these patterns.     

Entropy vs. human ontogeny: the Shannon information measure; a reliable general indicator of human health?

ABSTRACT

A measure of health based on exact sciences is not considered by social sciences to evaluate human development. We propose the H measure of information of Shannon ([1948]. “A Mathematical Theory of Communication.” The Bell Systems Technical Journal 27 (3): 379–423, 623–656), renamed as H _cto , as a general indicator of human health which can be subsequently aggregated at any statistical level. Several advantages of H _cto are explained: (i) connections with thermodynamics and information theory; (ii) combination of physical and statistical elements; (iii) measurements of entropy and/or information depending on the reference point, and (iv) a collection of examples based on the scientific literature that supports the application of H _cto . Simplified graphical models of the ontogeny of health condition are also shown. The empirical feasibility of using H _cto is also analysed, by concluding that it could be a tangible reality in the near future.     

旅游跨文化学习中的主客互动——阳朔太极拳的教与学

中国传统文化的传播对于实现文化自信具有重要意义。本文关注了近年火热的“外国人赴阳朔学太极”现象，综合运用非参与式观察法、深度访谈法与文本分析法，以“身体符号”的意义变迁为研究脉络，探讨“外国人学太极”这一跨文化情境下的主客互动活动，分析外国人赴阳朔学太极的动因、互动过程与内在机制。研究发现：从互动媒介来看，身体作为符号在跨文化情境中发挥着重要的媒介作用，身体符号的意义也在跨文化互动中逐渐深化；从互动过程来看，不同主体的角色和观念以身体符号为媒介在跨文化互动中实现交互协商，由此加深主体对于自我的认知。人与人之间的学习型紧密联结强化了人与地方之间的关系。