西安市观光农业空间分区研究

本文首先根据观光农业的布局要求,并通过专家咨询,选取了15个不同的指标建立起西安市观光农业空间布局的指标体系;其次,在对原始数据进行相关处理后,运用主成分分析法和聚类分析法,将200个乡镇分成6种不同的类型。这6种类型乡镇发展观光农业的适宜性及适宜发展的项目类型各不相同。最后,根据有关区划原则,在分区聚类结果之上,在空间上将西安市观光农业划分为"四带两区",并指出了各自观光农业的发展方向及发展类型。     

我国城市社会空间结构特征及其演变趋势

城市社会空间结构是城市社会分化在地域空间上的表现.本文在介绍西方城市社会空间一般规律的基础上,分析研究了我国城市社会空间独有的结构特征及其形成机制,并结合我国城市社会经济状况的变化,对我国城市社会空间结构的演变趋势进行了探讨.     

上海元代水闸遗址出土木构件无损冻干初探

传统的冷冻脱水过程通常需要将电阻温度传感器(RTD)插入到物料中以监测温度变化从而确定干燥终点,这种方式对于处理木质文物来说具有一定的破坏性,无法做到无损或微损。本研究尝试采用无损方式对定型加固剂浸渍液即时浓度进行分析,并对冷冻干燥终点进行预测。采用这种无损技术成功地对志丹苑元代水闸遗址出土的30件木构件进行真空冷冻脱水定型处理,既达到了预期的定型保护效果,又确保了木构件的安全。     

Effect of dimensions of place attachment on residents’ word-of-mouth behavior

The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the effect of residents’ different dimensions of place attachment on their word-of-mouth (WOM) behavior in two cities: Sydney, Australia and Shanghai, China. A six-dimensional construct of place attachment is proposed based upon a detailed literature review: four attitudinal dimensions (place identity, place dependence, affective attachment, social bonding) and two interactional dimensions (place memory, place expectation) are proposed to reflect different aspects of a resident's attachment to a place. To test the dimensionality of place attachment and relationships between constructs, a survey was completed by 691 residents in the two targeted cities (361 from Sydney and 330 from Shanghai), and a structural equation modeling instrument was applied to analyze the data. The findings of the empirical study statistically support the dimensionality of place attachment proposed, and reveal that, in general, interactional dimensions of place attachment have an effect on WOM behavior. The results suggest that WOM behavior of residents of the two cities is influenced by different attitudinal dimensions of place attachment: Shanghai resident's place identity and social bonding predict one-to-one WOM, while Sydney residents’ affective attachment to Sydney influences their one-to-one WOM behavior. This analysis provides insights into residents’ psychology and behavior in different tourism destinations, as well as important inputs for the sustainable development of destination branding and C2C tourism communication in these two cities.     

出土饱水木质文物的微生物腐蚀及防腐措施

在南方保存完好的出土木质文物大都处于饱水状态.出土后因为水和氧气的参与,在水解作用、微生物腐蚀等诸多因素的作用下,木质文物逐步被降解而变得腐朽.为此,本文从木质文物的微生物腐蚀机理着手,提出控制水活度的办法、控制氧气量、毒化微生物赖以生存的养料三种途径来防止或延缓木质文物的腐朽,以等待将来更好的脱水定型方法出现.     

Preservation,storage and display of waterlogged wood and wrecks in an aquarium: “Project Aquarius”

A test aquarium containing water and waterlogged historical wooden material was observed during a three-year period at Vänernmuseum, Sweden, to test the feasibility of preserving and exhibiting archaeological wood or shipwrecks in a way accessible to the public. Experiments were also set up in a laboratory environment, to provide information on single factors that could influence the long-term preservation state of wood, and other processes that may occur in the water.     

Introduction: stretching the boundaries of care

Over the past few decades, geographies of care have flourished, and have offered important insights into the importance of care in our worlds. This introduction provides a broad review of the literature on care ethics and introduces the key themes evident in this special issue that stretch the empirical and theoretical boundaries of care. In particular, the four papers in this special issue de-emphasize the role of the conventional dyadic care-giving relationships in the home and focus on wider structural power relations within which individual care relations are often formed. Such analysis reveals the workings of hegemonic white masculinity in perpetuating unequal caring and uncaring relations and reminds us that care is not always good or positive; rather care can cause harm and exacerbate violence. While ‘care’ is often seen as the antidote to resolve the vastly uncaring practices and politics evident across time and scale, this special issue acknowledges that more critical engagement with care ethics and the politics of care are necessary to achieve such a goal.     

Experimental Studies and Vulnerability Assessment of Timber-Arched Lounge Bridges

ABSTRACT

There are many preserved timber-arched lounge bridges in China and some of these bridges are hundreds of years old. The woven arch is the main bearing structure of a timber-arched lounge bridge. Few studies still exist about woven arch mechanical performance, a fact that contributes to the improper repair. This article concerns the structural performance of the woven arch. The results of experimental studies on deformation, stress distribution, force-transferring mechanism, and failure modes were presented. Two woven arch models with and without П-shape braces under symmetrical load and asymmetrical load were investigated. The results indicated that the woven arch had high bearing capacity, especially under symmetrical load. The comparison of experimental results obtained for models with and without brace showed that braces modified the failure mechanism and increased the load carrying capacity and integrity. Based on the failure conditions observed experimentally, limit criteria were defined in order to facilitate vulnerability assessment of timber lounge bridges.     

我国东北地区的高句丽封土石室墓

分布于我国境内的众多高句丽墓葬,总体上可分为积石墓和封土石室墓两大类。大型的封土石室墓,不仅规模大,而且室内多绘有壁画。大量的中小型封土石室墓,石室与墓道合成的平面多为刀形和铲形,墓顶结构有平盖顶、叠涩顶和抹角顶不等。连云港地区发现的唐代封土石室墓与此相似,其墓主人,在以往推测为百济移民或新罗移民的同时,高句丽移民也要考虑在内。     

Reasoned use of chemical parameters for the diagnostic evaluation of the state of preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood

Waterlogged archaeological wood undergoes decay processes that depend on both the burial conditions and the constituting species, and which cause the depletion of the structural components of wood cells. To quantitatively assess the state of preservation of the decayed material, specific parameters are usually measured by means of both chemical and physical analyses. In this paper an innovative approach in the use of the data obtained from these kinds of measurements is developed. A series of 132 archaeological wood samples of different wood species, burial times and states of preservation, and coming from different sites in Italy, was analysed. Their residual chemical composition, maximum water content and basic density were measured, and a reasoned use of these parameters was carried out through their elaboration, with the aim of both evaluating eventual incongruence or anomalies in the raw physical and chemical data (which has never been accomplished so far) and directly comparing in a reliable way the analytical results obtained from archaeological samples with very different states of preservation. This approach allowed defining the effective values of chemical parameters related to wood decay according to a same reference basis of calculation among the various data. By this way, it was possible to state that lignin can be also attacked by the agents causing biotic decay, and that in hardwoods its decay is more related to the burial conditions than to the wood species. Instead, the mechanism of polysaccharide depletion is diversified: conifers showed a uniform behaviour whereas hardwoods were more species-dependent. Moreover, in addition to the chemical composition, also anatomical factors influence the carbohydrate rate of decay in waterlogged wood.