水体游憩环境的体验感知测评——以丹东为例

水体游憩环境是一种服务于人们游憩活动,融环境、经济、社会等功能于一体的生态体验景观网络。以辽宁丹东的青山沟镇、大梨树村、大孤山镇(大鹿岛)及长甸镇(河口岛)等四个村镇为例,采用结构方程模型(SEM)验证了水体生态体验景观网络中活动、背景、体验及利益等行动体属性之间的结构关系,为水体游憩环境规划管理模式的构建奠定理论基础。在模型验证过程中,运用SPSS11.0及AMOS6.0软件测试水体景观网络行动体的结构关系模型及相互作用路径系数;拟合度检验表明,该结构方程模型具有较高的可靠性。     

旅游地的吸引力系统及其管理研究

旅游地的吸引力是一种结构性的吸引力,它由旅游资源吸引力、旅游服务吸引力、旅游环境吸引力等要素共同构成,这一结构系统中的吸引力要素存在演化逻辑上的差异。从形成过程看,旅游地吸引力系统要经历运作结构形成、运作结构被感知、结构形象树立和结构吸引力定型等基本阶段。     

辽宁省城市中心性研究与城市发展

以辽宁省地级及以上城市为研究对象,在建立评价指标体系基础上,基于区位商法和主成分分析法,对城市中心性进行了测度和研究。通过对过程数据和结果数据的进一步分析,发现辽宁省当前城市发展在区域经济空间结构、社会经济体制、第三产业、经济外向度等方面存在的问题,并提出了相关的政策建议。     

Probabilistic life-cycle assessment and rehabilitation strategies for deteriorating structures: a case study

When it comes to existing buildings, the estimation of the structural residual bearing capacity is required to evaluate the potential for reuse/conversion. The level of detail and accuracy of surveys dramatically affect structural diagnostics. In order to optimise the experimental survey process, a simulation of the structural life-cycle may be useful.

Based on a previously developed approach of Monte Carlo simulation implemented with a damage law for the life-cycle analysis of newly designed constructions, this paper presents the method application to a historic roof steel structure. It aims to identify critical situations, assess the residual life of the system, and plan possible retrofit strategies for the building conversion.

The case study is a steel frame roof structure of the ex pig abattoir within the complex of the municipal slaughterhouse in Monza (close to Milan, Northern Italy) and protected from the Cultural Heritage Authority. The life-cycle of the structure is here investigated over different stages of the building lifespan along with the damages caused by aging and negligence. The construction was built in 1902, and abandoned in 1984. Therefore, the periods analysed are: from construction to disuse and from disuse to today. The second phase of life, still on going, has significantly sped up the degradation.

The probabilistic evaluation of failure times is discussed and the possible interventions scenarios in terms of costs, and after-maintenance reliability and safety are investigated.     

Mine blast vibration response spectrum for structural vulnerability assessment: case study of heritage masonry buildings

Ground-borne vibrations induced by mine blasting are typically of low amplitudes, which are not considered a major concern for modern engineered structures. However, historic structures are often considered more vulnerable due to inadequate knowledge regarding the state of construction materials and structural response. Specifically, the construction materials used might be fragile or have deteriorated to a stage that could be vulnerable to such vibrations. Simplistic rule based on peak ground motion parameter has been adopted worldwide for safety assessment, while the frequency characteristics of vibrations are not taken into account. Further, there is very limited study on response of heritage structures to near-field blasting. This article presents a practical structural vulnerability assessment method for mine blast-induced vibrations. In particular, a design response spectrum model is proposed based on close range measurements of nearby mine blasting, which is compared with an existing design spectrum model for far-field mine blasts and a typical design spectrum model for earthquake actions. The method is illustrated through a case study of heritage masonry buildings in Australia. The unique blast data presented and the generalized methodology would be useful to both structural engineers and blast engineers in considering potential effects of blasting on heritage structures.     

Eratosthenes’ Contribution to Ptolemy’s Map of the World

This article attempts to shed some light on the origins of Ptolemy’s map of the world, which remains a mystery. The premise is that Ptolemy and other ancient geographers largely drew on the same or a similar pool of sources and common beliefs. Similarities between them can, therefore, give us a key to understanding the prehistory of Ptolemy’s map. Comparison of distances on his map with those given by other sources leads to the conclusion that a large area of the map, approximately from the Bosporus to the Indus, reproduced Eratosthenes’ geographical system, with linear distances converted to angular degrees according to Eratosthenes’ own scale. It is argued that this area represents a remnant of an earlier version of Ptolemy’s map. Analysis of latitude and longitude reveals notable differences between Ptolemy’s map and Eratosthenes’ ideas concerning the latitude of Babylon and the Alexandrian prime meridian, and the impact this seems to have had on the shape of neighbouring regions is noted.     

海昏侯墓部分木质文物材种鉴定及用材分析

为了解海昏侯墓椁室木材及随葬漆木器木材种类,进而分析其用材特点,分别对木材取样进行种属鉴定。鉴定结果表明:海昏侯墓椁木为樟科(Lauraceae)桢楠属(Phoebe)桢楠(Phoebe zhennan),椁室木门为柏科(Cupressaceae)柏木属(Cupressus)柏木(Cupressus funebris),比较文献资料,推测汉代椁室常用木材即为楠,反映了汉代椁木用材的专门化;受检的随葬漆木器材种均为樟科,包含檫木属(Sassafras)檫木(Sassafras tzumu)、黄肉楠属(Actinodaphne)、琼楠属(Beilschmiedia)等,反映出随葬漆木器用材具有地域性,可能均为本地生产。     

‘My Dog is My Home’: multispecies care and poverty politics in Los Angeles,California and Austin,Texas

My Dog is My Home is an art activist project in Los Angeles dedicated to sharing testimonies about the redemptive bonds of care and love between homeless persons and their canine companions. These testimonies politicize the structural violence and oppressive norms about propertied citizenship and notions of home that operate to render homeless human and animal lives disposable and ungrievable. Informed by the experts’ testimonies on multispecies homelessness and an engagement with feminist care theory, we bring relational poverty studies into conversation with critical animal studies to reject this framing of homeless lives as disposable and to trouble the idea of property as the fundamental basis for value. We problematize these notions by highlighting the insights gained from witnessing the entangled empathetic relationships forged between homeless humans and dogs. These relationships are not only a window into the political economic material conditions and discourses that reproduce homelessness and the animal-as-property. We conclude that studying these bonds offers a collective politics of multispecies mutuality, care, and love.     

Phenol Formaldehyde Revisited—Novolac Resins for the Treatment of Degraded Archaeological Wood

Archaeological wood is usually severely degraded. The Norwegian Viking Age Oseberg find exemplifies problems arising due to past conservation treatments and the need for new types of preservatives. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) has been investigated as a consolidant for alum‐treated wood. X‐ray tomography has revealed that it is possible to obtain a porous structure inside the wood, ensuring ethical acceptability by allowing re‐treatment. In order to understand the curing mechanics, the kinetics of the initial condensation reaction were elucidated at room temperature. It was found that a second‐order reaction using both phenol and formaldehyde concentrations is the most probable mechanism.     

Dome Strengthening By Encircling Ties: A Monitored Experiment

This study describes a new strategy of conservation of historical monuments based on the combined use of monitoring analysis and empiric reappraisal. Over time, the mechanical behavior of domes—their lack of stability due to the horizontal thrusts generated by their self-weight—has been analyzed by architects and engineers, starting from the observation of damage. This process, which was mathematically demonstrated for the first time by the famous Viviani’s analysis of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, has provided over the centuries a number of enhancements in dome structural conception, thus leading to the final solution, referred to as encircling tie rod intervention. Based on these premises, the experimental case of Santa Maria del Quartiere dome in Parma, Italy, is discussed herein. Indeed, it has been considered a good opportunity to present the method used in its strengthening-intervention assessment, further validated by the monitoring system installed. In this monitored in-scale experiment, the empiric classical solution to the primeval dome’s thrust finds its confirmation and offers further possibilities of recalibration during time, thus indicating structural monitoring that may be described as a possible and desirable “alternative to intervention”, in step with “minimum intervention” and “reversibility” principles.