HISTORY WRITING WITHOUT CLOSURE

In The Work of History: Constructivism and a Politics of the Past, Kalle Pihlainen pays tribute to Hayden White's work on narrative constructivism through a comprehensive and critical evaluation of his work. The book's seven chapters are based on previously published and reworked essays, starting with Pihlainen's 2013 essay on narrative truth and ending with his 2006 essay on the confines of the form. The Work of History is timely in light of some world political leaders’ apparent immunity to facts, their use of history, and the role of power, as Pihlainen also discusses the ethics and politics of historical constructivism (xiii). At the same time, the book is “a meta-critical enterprise,” as White states in his foreword (x): it scrutinizes and explains White's work and its reception, including the debates on the production of knowledge, the ontological status of historiography, the various representations of history, and the kinds of audiences historians envision. Although narrative constructivism seems a bit passé, Pihlainen wants to further elaborate this theoretical approach to disentangle and explain some fundamental misconceptions about it that still exist among historians. One misconception is that constructivism inherently neglects the ethical impulse and supposedly lacks the potential for political engagement. Pihlainen urges historians and theorists to find ways of becoming politically committed in their writings and to challenge their readers to do the same.     

北周墓出土彩绘陶器的加固与保护

陕西省考古研究所在西安咸阳国际机场二期建设中抢救性发掘了三座大型高等级北周时期墓葬,出土了数百件精美彩陶俑,形象十分逼真生动。由于彩陶器出土提取于淤泥之中,为了及时有效的保护好这批文物,考古队在第一时间内将出土陶器全部运回所内文保室进行抢救性保护。此次保护的主要任务和难点是,在最佳时间实现土层与彩绘层的成功分离,逐渐降低饱水彩陶器的含水率,使其最终在大气中趋于稳定,最后及时加固和封护彩绘层并采用适合该陶质强度的粘接剂进行粘接复原。经过十年来的时间证明,此次实施的保护方案正确,保护措施得当,保护结果令人满意。     

Oral History and the Gerald R. Ford White House: The Specter of Watergate

For the last sixty years, presidential libraries have providedand preserved critical source materials essential for the studyof the history of presidents of the United States. Oral historiesat those libraries have become an increasingly important partof their key archival collections, with one or two major exceptions.This article analyzes and compares official oral history collectionsat the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library with those of othertwentieth century presidents and seeks to explain why the oralhistories currently available for research there were so limiteduntil Mr. Ford's death in 2006. The reasons for this are anintriguing blend of developed White House policy, benign neglect,the role of tape recorders in bringing Ford to the Oval Office,and the continuing influence of the ghost of the Watergate scandaleven well beyond the years Gerald R. Ford occupied the nation'shighest political office.     

微生物诱导碳酸钙修复汉白玉石梁裂缝试验研究

石质文物劣化后产生裂缝等病害,需要恰当的修复方法。本研究应用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积技术修复汉白玉石梁裂缝,模拟石质文物裂缝修复。研究对象为带V型槽的非贯通和贯通裂缝的汉白玉石梁(尺寸为40 mm×40 mm×160 mm),修复方法为先注浆后自由下渗。通过对比石梁修复前后破坏荷载和强度的变化以及CT扫描技术可视化非贯通裂缝修复过程来评价修复效果。结果显示:修复后石梁裂缝表面致密光滑,颜色与母材相近,整体美观性好;非贯通裂缝修复后破坏荷载均有所增加,贯通裂缝修复后的抗折强度能恢复到原有强度的35.12%,均值为3.684 MPa,最高能达到5.234 MPa;CT扫描结果定性和定量均表明胶凝体密度随修复进行而增加,接触面修复质量弱于其他位置。     

DURABLE GOODS

In his thoughtful discussion of what makes some historical texts durable, lasting through time, Jaume Aurell arrives at the conclusion that these works show a balance between antiquarianism and presentism, and that this balance gives them a certain longevity of repute. Because, however, durability is a characteristic of the work, it seems to me problematic. Survival, rather than durability, appears to be the rubric we are discussing. It is not a characteristic of the work, any more than of a historical individual who survives a critical event like the French Revolution or the Holocaust. We identify survivors only retrospectively. A myriad of contingencies—time and chance—will obtain for any text to survive. Historiographical competition is ferocious, and worthy of study. Like Tolstoy's unhappy families, each historical text that fails to survive will have its own history. Why Gibbon and not Volney? We can adduce reasons, of course, but they are looks backward; in the late eighteenth century, no predictions were certain. Both Hayden White and Frank Ankersmit have, each in his own way, suggested the characteristics of the best histories. I believe they are mistaken, if best is to be taken to mean: most likely to survive. This is a characteristic of the ongoing reception of the work. As in an ongoing conversation, the historical work may advance the discourse, or contradict it, or change the subject. Whether it will have influence after the speaker has departed is up to those who remain and are added to the group. This rhetorical survival in the conversation is what is in question here. As such, it is profoundly historical, and not “beyond time.”     

论中国国家安全利益区

本文介绍了国家安全利益的概念,阐述了我国国家安全利益的基本涵义;并分析了国家安全利益区的性质特征,提出了确定国家安全利益区的基本原则和一般方法。     

陕西、河南地区出土唐代釉陶器釉层剥离原因分析

釉陶器在埋藏过程中,受物理及化学等因素的影响,会产生各种病害,釉层剥离是常见的病害之一。为了更深入地了解唐代釉陶器釉层剥离的原因并为以后的保护提供科学依据,对陕西、河南地区四个遗址出土的唐代釉陶器样品进行了显微观察、成分检测、热膨胀系数分析和吸水率测试。结果显示,四个遗址中,釉面保存相对完整且剥离现象较少的是巩县黄冶窑,而铜川黄堡窑、西安醴泉坊窑和乾县懿德太子墓釉陶器釉层剥离较为严重。进一步研究表明,釉陶器胎釉热膨胀系数不匹配和胎体烧结程度过低(因此造成吸水率过高)是影响釉陶器釉层剥离的主要内在因素。研究结果可为釉陶器的后续保护工作奠定基础。     

试论金代扒村窑白地黑花瓷人物图案

本文以收集到的人物装饰图案为例,论证了金中期是扒村窑白地黑花装饰的繁荣期,并论述了扒村窑白地黑花瓷人物装饰图案所独有的特点及其影响。     

成化青花瓷器的鉴赏

文章以苏州文物商店收藏的几件成化青花瓷器为例,就成化青花瓷器的造型、纹饰、款式等特点作了初步的概括。