从《魏书·礼志》第一卷看拓拔鲜卑祭祀的汉化

《魏书．礼志》第一卷主要是记载北魏自道武帝拓拔珪建国至孝文帝元宏时各种祭祀的演变,从中我们可以看出,拓拔鲜卑在政治信仰上极其复杂曲折的汉化过程。     

胡汉民立法思想述论

胡汉民作为南京国民政府首任立法院长。其立法用人思想,对立法指导思想、原则、方针、内容、目标、守法及制度立法思想的阐释,奠定了国民政府的法制基础。     

从《吏民田家莂》看汉代田税的征收方式

简牍表明,孙吴把国有土地按质量分为“熟田”、“旱田”两类租给农民,征收不同标准的田租,其“熟田”、“旱田”的数额是人为地“定”出来的而非依据土地质量的自然状况而统计出来的数量;东汉自章帝以后把土地“差为三品”而税之,吴简的问世,间接地证明了东汉土地分为三等之后是分别征以不同数额的田税;孙吴的“熟田”、“旱田”之分是东汉田分三等的发展,尽管租、税性质不同,但方式一致。     

试论涪陵小田溪墓地的分期与时代

1972年以来,考古工作者在重庆涪陵小田溪发掘了9座墓葬。研究者尚未对其年代达成共识。通过分析墓葬形制和随葬器物,本文将这9座墓分为两组,第一组的年代为战国晚期,第二组的年代为秦汉之际。     

盱眙小云山六七号西汉墓发掘报告

小云山六七号西汉墓同为夫妻台葬墓,结合墓地其他墓葬分布情况推测,此处应为家族墓地,墓主属东阳城内居民。此次发掘为研究汉代城市平民的生活习俗提供了新的资料。     

早期华侨聚居地--屈都乾

屈都乾位于今泰国东南部,在历史上也被称为都元、喀提加拉等.屈都乾地区曾被孟人、占人、高棉人及泰人统治过,在中西关系史上曾占有重要地位.汉晋时期,屈都乾就是东南亚地区重要的华侨聚居地.但华侨史学界长期忽视了对它的研究,本文试图通过对有关史料的分析,让人们更多地了解一千多年前这个早期华侨聚居地.     

国家经济建设重心变迁与陕西工业

陕西工业发展、变化与国家经济建设重心变迁紧密相关。 1 95 3— 1 975年国家强力度的投资和大规模的工业建设 ,使陕西工业“跳跃”式地进入现代工业化 ,使以现代工业为主体的陕西经济结构得以完善。 1 979年国家投资重心东移以及经济管理体制的根本性变化 ,并没有减弱陕西经济发展的势头 ,改革开放同样也给予陕西工业结构重新组合的历史契机。 2 0世纪末 ,中国西部大开发战略的提出 ,使陕西工业发展迎来了又一次新的历史机遇。     

Rural Rickets: Vitamin D Deficiency in a Post‐Medieval Farming Community from the Netherlands

Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency as a result of limited exposure to sunlight and inadequate diet. In the 19^th century, rickets was endemic in most northern European cities. In post‐Medieval Netherlands, rickets is documented in low frequencies in a few urban samples, but has not been studied in contemporaneous rural populations. Beemster is a rural farming community in the Netherlands that was established in the 17^th century upon drained land, with the Middenbeemster cemetery in use until 1866 AD. Ninety‐five individuals from the ages of 32 weeks in utero to 15 years were examined for rickets in order to understand factors that can cause vitamin D deficiency in rural, non‐industrialized populations. To identify rickets in the Beemster sample, ten features were scored, with bending deformities of the lower limb and one other feature, or at least three non‐bending features, having to be present in order for diagnosis. Nine individuals (9.5%) had evidence of rickets—a high prevalence, especially for a rural community where ample sunlight was available. The two and three year old Beemster infants were most heavily affected with an age‐specific prevalence of 30.4%. Two three‐month‐old infants also had rickets. Some of the affected may have developed rickets secondarily, as a result of a different illness, but cultural practices including prolonged swaddling, occlusive clothing, and keeping the young indoors, are suggested to have contributed to this high rickets prevalence. Dietary variables including poor weaning foods and common episodes of malnutrition may have also contributed to vitamin D deficiency. This study demonstrates the value of careful analysis of pathological conditions in subadults and highlights that rickets was not only a disease of cities, but affected populations that would appear to have been at low risk, because of maladaptive cultural practices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

"封建主义"概念辨析

The Western terms “feudal” and “feudalism” have been widely and improperly translated as “fengjian” in contemporary China. The early Western Sinologists and Chinese scholars, including Yan Fu, did not originally make such a translation. Yan initially transliterated the term “feudalism” as fute zhi in his early translations. It was not until the 20th century, when Western classical evolutionism found its way into China, that “feudalism” was reduced to an abstract concept, and the Western European model was generalized as a framework for understanding development in China and the whole world. Only then did Yan Fu first equate “feudalism” with “fengjian,” and China was believed to have experienced a “feudal society” in the same sense as Europe. From the perspective of intellectual history, using evidential and theoretical analyses, this article attempts to show that feudalism was a historical product in the development of Western Europe and existed only in Europe, “fengjian” is a system appropriate only in discussions of pre-Qin China, and China from the Qin to the Qing experienced instead a system of imperial autocracy. The medieval periods in the West and in China evidence widely divergent social forms and hence should not be confused with the same label. __________ Translated from Zhongguo Shehui Kexue 中国社会科学 (Social Sciences in China), 2005, (6): 173–188     

郑注与汉代别家《论语注》之比较

通过汉代各家《论语》异文资料的详尽比勘,在文献记载基础上,我们认为郑注是杂糅三《论》而成的,而不属于单纯的某一《论》。郑注注重经典义理的阐发,注重礼仪制度的诠释,注重交代孔子言行发生的具体背景,同其他《论语》注相比,更有助于我们再现历史的孔子形象。