漆木竹器霉害问题的预防性保护研究

对漆木竹器的霉害问题,应从预防性保护理念出发.坚持文物保护的最小干预和安全性、科学性等原则,从环境、微生物两方面着手,开展防霉材料和环境的研究,尽快摸索出适合馆藏漆木竹器防霉治霉的针对性强、效率高的新方法,最大限度地保护珍贵文物的价值,延长文物的使用寿命.     

山东诸城市六吉庄子新石器时代遗址调查

2001年,山东省文物考古研究所和诸城市博物馆等单位对该遗址进行了考古调查和勘探。发现房址和灰坑等遗迹,采集或征集到陶釜、盆、钵,石斧、磨盘、磨棒等遗物。陶器绝大部分为夹砂红褐陶,不见泥质陶。该遗址的发现,有助于鲁东南地区考古学文化谱系的完善和后李文化的深入研究。     

里耶秦简牍所见郡县订补

《里耶秦简(贰)》新出现一些秦代郡县道,本文从中归纳出4个郡和34个县道,其中城父县属淮阳郡、镡成县属洞庭郡。简牍可见从秦都咸阳发文传送至南阳郡—南郡—洞庭郡,以及文书在内史和郡属各县道及县下乡里之间的传输路线和传送方式。里耶简牍还可以复原秦洞庭郡的全部属县,并可由此推论秦洞庭郡的治所先在新武陵县,后迁往临沅县,时间大约在秦始皇二十九年、三十年间。     

Exploring post‐excavation degradation potential of fungal communities associated with archaeological human remains

Fungal communities associated with three osteoarchaeological samples from distinct archaeological sites (T?rian, Turda?, Feleacu) in Transylvania, Romania, characterized by similar environmental conditions (wet soils), different historical age and amount of time spent in storage, were examined in order to register site‐ versus storage‐specific species. Physical anthropological taphonomic scoring was correlated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indices in order to characterize mineral and organic bone fraction fluctuations relative to historical age. Molecular‐based species/genera identifications and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations were carried out for the confirmation of dominant taxonomic items.     

Arctic archaeological sites threatened by climate change: A regional multi-threat assessment of sites in south-west Greenland

Climate change threatens many well-preserved archaeological sites in the Arctic. The paper presents the first Arctic multi-threat assessment focusing on the Nuuk region of Greenland. The results suggest that the majority of the 336 known archaeological sites are already exposed to impacts from microbial degradation, permafrost thaw and vegetation, and that these impacts will increase over the next 80 years. Additional impacts from coastal erosion are only noted at a limited number of sites due to a predominant consolidated and uplifting coast. The applied methods represent an important first step to identify threatened sites and emphasize important data limitations.     

出土、出水饱水木质文物冷冻干燥研究进展

冷冻干燥是稳定出土、出水饱水木质文物的主要方法之一。该方法基于水由固态直接成为气态的升华过程不产生表面张力的原理,可避免饱水木材脱水时受到干燥应力的破坏。数十年来,经过实验实践和不断完善,冷冻干燥在出土、出水降解木材的稳定中取得了很好的效果,在大型、厚重木质文物的保护方面得到成功应用。本研究基于在出土、出水含盐饱水木质文物保护方面的多年实践,对国内外在脱盐、抗菌、热浸、预冻和升华干燥工艺等方面的进展进行了回顾,并提出了解决一些现有问题的技术设想。     

一件清代髹漆贴金木雕观音菩萨坐像的保护研究和修复

髹漆贴金木雕属岭南地区代表性的传统木雕工艺,此类文物藏品也因此而独具特色。由于一件清代髹漆贴金木雕观音菩萨坐像存在糟朽、开裂、漆皮起翘、脱落等病害,需采取相应的修复措施。为此,在采集漆层、木胎等样品进行X射线荧光能谱、拉曼、红外光谱、切片观察等分析检测的基础上,依据分析检测结果和木雕保存现状制定实施了表面清理、菌虫防治、裂缝和残缺部位修复补全、脱落漆皮回软回贴、髹漆贴金仿卉处理等技术措施。保护处理后的木雕文物器形完整,色泽协调,形态和性质稳定,达到了预期的效果。上述分析检测手段和保护修复技术对同类文物的保护工作有借鉴作用。     

潮湿环境模拟考古土遗址夯筑支顶加固效果评估

为研究潮湿环境土遗址加固效果评估方法,在杭州地区进行现场模拟探方加固实验,并对加固后坑壁的波速、含水率、相对水平位移进行监测,对加固的模拟探方稳定性做出评估,以望通过采用科学定量手段评价土遗址夯筑支顶加固效果,为土遗址夯筑支顶加固效果评估提供参考。试验结果表明:模拟探方坑壁表层含水率随深度的增加而升高,含水率变化量逐渐减小;加固后坑壁土体初始强度随深度的增加而提高,且后期硬化过程也较上部区域快,土体强度随时间在逐渐增加;夯筑后坑壁前四五天位移值逐渐增大,且位移值随深度的增加而升高,后期趋于稳定。研究表明,基于变形监测技术评估夯筑体整体稳定性科学合理,基于表层含水量和波速变化评估夯筑土体强度变化是较好的手段。评估结果可为其他潮湿地区土遗址夯筑加固效果评估方法提供参考。