新中国治淮方略演进研究

淮河流域是我国经济欠发达、生态环境较脆弱的区域,在我国生态环境演变中具有典型意义。淮河是新中国第一条进行系统治理的河流,也是第一条从立法层面进行污染综合治理和生态经济带建设的河流。新中国对淮河的治理,从提出“蓄泄兼筹”的治淮方针到贯彻“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”的新时代治水思路,从关注行蓄洪区群众生产生活到脱贫攻坚,从治理污染到建设淮河生态经济带,对治理的规律性认识不断深化,治理方略不断演进,为探索河流治理、流域生态经济带建设、推动人与自然和谐发展等积累了宝贵经验,留下了深刻的历史启示。     

潮湿环境模拟考古土遗址夯筑支顶加固效果评估

为研究潮湿环境土遗址加固效果评估方法,在杭州地区进行现场模拟探方加固实验,并对加固后坑壁的波速、含水率、相对水平位移进行监测,对加固的模拟探方稳定性做出评估,以望通过采用科学定量手段评价土遗址夯筑支顶加固效果,为土遗址夯筑支顶加固效果评估提供参考。试验结果表明:模拟探方坑壁表层含水率随深度的增加而升高,含水率变化量逐渐减小;加固后坑壁土体初始强度随深度的增加而提高,且后期硬化过程也较上部区域快,土体强度随时间在逐渐增加;夯筑后坑壁前四五天位移值逐渐增大,且位移值随深度的增加而升高,后期趋于稳定。研究表明,基于变形监测技术评估夯筑体整体稳定性科学合理,基于表层含水量和波速变化评估夯筑土体强度变化是较好的手段。评估结果可为其他潮湿地区土遗址夯筑加固效果评估方法提供参考。     

American Images of Canada: Canadian Muslims in US Newspapers, 1999–2014

How do American news media portray Canadian Muslims? Using a sample of 386 discrete newspaper articles published between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2014, in The Buffalo News, Tampa Bay Times, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and USA Today, this article investigates the portrayal of Canadian Muslims in these publications through a combination of content and discourse analyses. Three findings stand out: first, the overall tone of the coverage was neutral or ambiguous rather than either systematically positive or systematically negative; second, a tendency to construct Muslims as social outsiders was common even in articles coded as positive; third, the Canadian Muslim experience was viewed through the prism of discourses on American exceptionalism, and above all the idea that assimilation always trumps multiculturalism.     

Peru's image as a culinary destination

Destination image is the cumulative product of individuals processing information about a destination over time. This image comes from different sources, like media articles intended to inform a general audience and promotional materials intended to persuade potential tourists to visit. Various aspects of a destination can provide the focal point for its image, including its unique foods. With the growing interest in food in the media and in tourism, the image of places around the world is increasingly centered on this topic. Peru offers a timely case study to investigate this issue; in recent years, it has gained an international reputation as a culinary destination. The research discussed in this paper examines both popular media articles and official tourism promotions to understand the devices used to construct Peru as a culinary destination. It uses quantitative and qualitative content analysis of magazine and newspaper articles targeted at an American audience and the U.S./English version of the Official Travel and Tourism Portal. This research finds that the image of Peru as a culinary destination is consistent between sources, but there are some differences in the meanings of this content based on type of source, intended audience, and expectations about that audience.     

A Two‐Tiered Method for Identifying Trends in Media Framing of Policy Issues: The Case of the War on Terror

Research on media framing of policy issues has flourished. Yet the varied approaches to conceptualizing and operationalizing issue frames that make this literature rich also hinder its advancement. Here, we document the benefits of a two‐tiered method: the first level accounts for issue‐specific frames, while the second level tracks frames that generalize across issues. For this study, we draw on generalizable frames from prospect theory (loss vs. gain frames) and social identity theory (self‐referential vs. other‐referential frames). We discuss the theoretical merits of a two‐tiered approach, arguing that it should yield compound insights greater than the sum of its parts. Applying this method to newspaper coverage of the war on terror, we find a strong trend at the generalizable level: media framing of the war shifted over time from a predominant use of “fear” (self‐referential loss) frames to an increasing use of “charity” (other‐referential gain) frames. Our approach further reveals that the fear frames used in the lead‐up to the Iraq War were not driven by issue‐specific frames related to terrorism or weapons of mass destruction as we might have thought, but rather by frames related to the anticipated threats to U.S. troops. This study sharpens our understanding of how framing of the war evolved, but more broadly it suggests that a two‐tiered approach could be applied both within and across policy issues to advance our understanding of the framing process.     

Reasoned use of chemical parameters for the diagnostic evaluation of the state of preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood

Waterlogged archaeological wood undergoes decay processes that depend on both the burial conditions and the constituting species, and which cause the depletion of the structural components of wood cells. To quantitatively assess the state of preservation of the decayed material, specific parameters are usually measured by means of both chemical and physical analyses. In this paper an innovative approach in the use of the data obtained from these kinds of measurements is developed. A series of 132 archaeological wood samples of different wood species, burial times and states of preservation, and coming from different sites in Italy, was analysed. Their residual chemical composition, maximum water content and basic density were measured, and a reasoned use of these parameters was carried out through their elaboration, with the aim of both evaluating eventual incongruence or anomalies in the raw physical and chemical data (which has never been accomplished so far) and directly comparing in a reliable way the analytical results obtained from archaeological samples with very different states of preservation. This approach allowed defining the effective values of chemical parameters related to wood decay according to a same reference basis of calculation among the various data. By this way, it was possible to state that lignin can be also attacked by the agents causing biotic decay, and that in hardwoods its decay is more related to the burial conditions than to the wood species. Instead, the mechanism of polysaccharide depletion is diversified: conifers showed a uniform behaviour whereas hardwoods were more species-dependent. Moreover, in addition to the chemical composition, also anatomical factors influence the carbohydrate rate of decay in waterlogged wood.     

钧瓷天蓝、天青釉色中氧化铁的呈色作用

氧化铁在钧瓷天蓝、天青系列釉色中的着色作用以及乳光蓝色问题,一直是学术界争论的焦点。本研究通过放大氧化铁含量的实验验证方法,通过SEM(scanning electron microscope-扫描电子显微镜)、EDS(Energy Dispersive Spectrometer-能谱仪)、XRD(X-ray diffraction-X射线衍射)等分析方法,重点研究了基础组成和分相结构对釉中氧化铁呈色的影响。同时,作者通过验证研究得出,钧瓷天蓝、天青系列釉色中,真正起呈色作用的是釉中的氧化铁等着色剂,第二相微粒散射呈色并非钧釉的普遍现象,或只是辅助呈色作用。     

全球海洋知识枢纽研究——以上海市为例

21世纪被联合国称为"海洋世纪",海洋已成为国际竞争的主要领域。随着实体物流的增加,货流对城市所带来的交通拥堵、环境污染等负面影响也日益显现。因此在上海大力建设国际航运中心过程中,要由以工业经济为基础的实体枢纽港建设向以知识经济为基础的虚体海洋知识枢纽转变。归纳了全球海洋知识枢纽的内涵、特征和服务范围,以伦敦、挪威、新加坡为三种类型,总结了发达国家建设海洋知识枢纽的经验和原则,提出上海建设全球海洋知识枢纽的战略选择,认为要以建设全球海洋知识枢纽为切入点,一方面要发展航运金融、海上保险等高端航运服务业,另一方面也可以利用雄厚的制造业基础和技术创新能力,大力发展海洋研发,鼓励船舶技术转让、技术开发和与之相关的船舶技术咨询、技术服务等。     

田螺山遗址古菱角埋藏环境调查与保护对策的初步研究

本文运用多种化学分析方法分析了浙江省田螺山遗址的地层土壤和地下水环境,得出了不同地层中主要元素的分布规律：再对古菱角外壳遗存和现代菱角外壳进行扫描电镜和元素分析,总结古菱角经长期埋藏后,外壳结构和化学元素的变化规律：最后初步探索古菱角类植物遗存的科技保护时策。     

南水北调工程文物保护规划的编制与实施及其主要收获

南水北调工程是我国继长江三峡水利枢纽工程之后,又一项大型水利工程.它是一项合理配置大江大河水资源,缓解北方地区水资源严重短缺的惠民工程,是一项宏伟的战略性工程.南水北调工程中的文物保护工作是工程的重要组成部分,2002年初文物保护工作开始启动.经历了勘察规划阶段和实施阶段取得了重要收获.