Immunological evidence of Plasmodium falciparum infection in an Egyptian child mummy from the Early Dynastic Period

A 15–18 months old child mummy, presently housed in Turin's Museum of Anthropology, was discovered in Gebelein (Upper Egypt) during excavations carried out by the Missione Archeologica Italiana, most likely in 1914.     

Roman Rhine settlement dynamics evidenced by coin distribution in a fluvial environment (Oedenburg,Upper Rhine,France)

On the basis of archaeological and alluvial records, this paper presents the first spatial analysis of artefacts in relation to the evolution of the Rhine River, at the Gallo-Roman site of Oedenburg, during the first four centuries AD. The dataset consisted of several thousand Roman artefacts found by pedestrian prospecting over the last twenty years, over half of which were coins. This dataset was used together with high-resolution topography and geomagnetic mapping, to reconstruct settlement evolution, both on the terrace and in the floodplain. A comprehensive monetary chart has been compiled for the Oedenburg site, which highlights four major phases of settlement. These results provide a possible causal link connecting historical factors and alluvial events with intra-site evolution. Therefore, while changes observed during Phases I (until AD 68), II (AD 69 to AD 180) and III (AD 180 to AD 295) seem largely related to historical and societal events, Phase IV (AD 295 to AD 402) shows patterns of abandonment of the lower part of the floodplain that may well be related to an unusually humid period in the fourth century. These results are set in a broader context, from the Rhine catchment area to the Alps, and are in agreement with the wet conditions also documented in alluvial, lacustrine, geomorphological and palynological records in Germany (Lahn River, Lake Constance, Lake Nussbaumen, Kaisersthul area and the Black Forest). Studying the intra-site spatial distribution of artefacts with high temporal constraints, at a long-lived site with contrasted topography, opens new avenues for the detection of discreet events such as a higher water table, affecting only the lower zone.     

试析上博简《孔子诗论》中的“蝇”字

本对上海博物馆所藏战国楚简《孔子诗论》篇中“蝇”字的字形进行了分析,认为这种特殊的写法是由于字形讹变造成的。     

Identification of PbO (BaO) faience from an early and middle Warring States period cemetery at Zhaitouhe,northern Shaanxi,China

Low‐temperature vitreous materials fluxed with lead (and barium) appeared in the early Warring States period (c.fifth century bce ) in ancient China. A range of lead vitreous products fluxed with the same agent, including faience/glass beads, glazed pottery and Chinese blue (purple) pigment, were developed subsequently. This study carries out scientific analysis of six vitreous beads unearthed from the Zhaitouhe cemetery site in northern Shaanxi dating to the early and middle Warring States period to investigate their chemical composition, microstructure and coloration. The lead (and barium) vitreous beads identified here are some of the earliest lead vitreous materials discovered in China so far, and therefore important for the study of the development of lead vitreous technologies in ancient China. This paper also points out that it is meaningful to evaluate the lead glass, glazed pottery and barium copper silicate pigments as a whole technological assemblage given their close relationships.     

The Pahlavi National Library Project: Education and Modernization in Late Pahlavi Iran

This paper examines the Pahlavi National Library, the planning for which began in 1972 and expired in 1978 on the eve of the Islamic Revolution. The Pahlavi National Library was to rank in size and eminence with the great libraries of the world, yet this extraordinary project has hitherto received little to no scholarly attention. Using documents primarily from the archives of the shah’s cultural counsellor at the imperial court, Shojā?eddin Shafā, this paper looks in detail at a number of initiatives spearheaded by Shafā from the early 1960s, which essentially laid the groundwork for the Pahlavi National Library, in order to understand how the shah’s regime used culture and scholarship to further its political goals. The paper proceeds to investigate the Pahlavi National Library, analyzing it in the context of the shah’s domestic and foreign policy objectives.     

柴尔德与王振铎关于河南辉县琉璃阁墓中出土车制的询复信件译读

本文收录了世界著名考古学家柴尔德教授和我国著名科技史家王振铎先生进行学术交流的两封信件。参照河南辉县琉璃阁墓中出土的战国时期墓葬车马坑的考古发现,两位学者讨论了中国古代车制中有关和双辕的问题。本文作者对这两封信件涉及的内容做了相应的诠释。     

19世纪末和20世纪初美国“新式中产阶级”形成时期的文官群体

在19世纪末和20世纪初的美国新式中产阶级形成时期,作为其中的一个重要白领阶层,文官群体的优势日渐显露。其一,由于文官职业和收入的稳定,使其成为美国中产阶级中颇具稳定性的职业群体;其二,由于文官掌握一定的权力,使其成为美国中产阶级中颇具政治影响力的职业群体;其三,由于文官兼有政府雇员和利益集团的双重身份,使其成为美国中产阶级中颇具社会地位的职业群体;其四,由于文官对权本位的追求,使其成为美国中产阶级中颇具独特文化价值观的职业群体。不仅如此,文官群体所具有的这些优势,又使其在第二次世界大战后逐渐演变成为美国中产阶级的主体。     

近十年来美英两国学术界冷战史研究述评

冷战主宰了20世纪后半期的国际政治。在后冷战时期,许多国家的学者利用新获得的档案资料来仔细考察和重新评估冷战史。自从冷战国际史项目于1991年在伍德罗.威尔逊国际学者中心建立以来,冷战国际史这一概念,已经被广为接受。根据相关英文文献,对过去十年美英两国冷战史研究新发展、新动向以及冷战史研究现状,做一总结归纳。主要涉及以下几个方面:美国的主要冷战研究中心、研究冷战的资料来源和新的研究方法、学者们关注的热点问题及最新研究成果的介绍、英国冷战研究概况等。     

关于理县佳山石棺葬墓群的两个问题

四川省理县佳山石棺葬墓群是岷江上游较早发现的石棺葬墓群之一,本文主要简单探讨了其墓葬群的年代与分期,并在此基础上从随葬品的变化来观察这一地区的汉化进程。     

河北唐县南放水遗址2006年发掘简报

河北省唐县南放水遗址2006年进行的发掘中发现了夏、西周和东周三个时期的遗存。夏时期遗存的文化特征多元。西周时期遗存的年代为西周中期至晚期。东周时期遗存属于春秋晚期至战国时期。本次发掘为认识西周时期周人与商遗民的关系,解读冀中平原北部地区西周时期考古学文化的演进和特征等具有重要意义。