河南灵宝市北阳平遗址考古勘探报告

为深入认识豫西灵宝盆地仰韶文化时期大型遗址的聚落内部情况,2018年3~5月,河南省文物考古研究院等单位对河南灵宝北阳平遗址进行了系统性考古勘探。本次工作明确这是一处以仰韶文化为主体的大型聚落遗址,发现的遗迹主要有房址、壕沟等,基本搞清了聚落范围、面积、重要遗迹分布、聚落布局和功能分区等,取得了重要成果。     

陕西咸阳岩村墓地M41发掘简报

岩村墓地位于陕西省咸阳市渭城区底张镇,2017—2018年发掘的49座墓葬中,M41为竖穴墓道双洞室结构,同穴合葬形式,出土有铜鼎、铜壶、陶罐、漆卮、铜镜等。其中随葬铜壶封口处残留有条状植物捆扎的织物,内残存有液体。经检测铜壶口部覆盖物为麻织物,捆扎物初步推断为植物纤维。残留的液体经检测为粮食酿造的酒即"醴"。在墓葬内洞室相通处遗留有动物残骸,这反映了秦人葬礼中的祭献习俗。根据墓葬形制和随葬器物判断岩村M41的时代为战国晚期晚段至秦代初期。     

Calling 911: intimate partner violence and responsible citizenship in a neoliberal era

For most of United States’ history, the state did not intervene in violence perpetrated within the home or intimate relationships. Women experiencing intimate partner violence had little recourse from state institutions for security or legal justice. This article’s inquiry centers on two policing practices – preferred arrest and evidence-based prosecution – that emerged in the 1980s to redress the state’s long history of ignoring intimate partner violence. Drawing on two years of ethnographic fieldwork, this article examines how these two policing practices affect the experience of citizenship for intimate partner violence survivors by showing how the state creates a distinction between ‘cooperative’ victims who support the arrest and incarceration of their abusers and ‘uncooperative’ who do not. To develop this argument, I conceptualize the policing and prosecution response to intimate partner violence as a social contract of rights and responsibilities that mediates the relationship between the state and women who experience intimate partner violence. By illustrating how the state discursively constructs ‘uncooperative’ victims as irrational, this article utilizes a feminist geographic analytic to examine the everyday discursive and material technologies that the state employs to reregulate responsible citizenship in a neoliberal era.     

中国甘肃地区春秋战国时期镀锡青铜板带錾刻纹饰制作技术研究

在传统意义的"丝绸之路"开通之前,中西方文明其实已经接触和交流,这从大量出土文物中得到了印证。中国西北地区是传统丝绸之路的早期孕育之地,因此,研究此地区出土文物以及他们所携带和涵盖的文化因素,对在"一带一路"大背景下促进文物保护与当代社会建设有着重要意义。近年来,在中国西北地区出土一批春秋战国时期刻纹镀锡青铜板带,其板体轻薄,在变化丰富的几何形纹饰之上施以镀锡层,形成银白色表面。为探讨出土镀锡青铜板带纹饰制作技术,本工作利用三维视频显微镜观察三件甘肃天水地区采集镀锡青铜板带表面纹饰后发现,板带表面纹饰由四种饰线组合而成。其中一件具有典型性纹饰板带样品的金相组织显示,板带基体主要为铸态组织,在靠近短直线、长直线、曲线三种饰线下方金相组织显示有明显的加工退火痕迹,而宽凹槽饰线下方的基体为铸态组织。结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对宽凹槽纹饰表面微痕观察测试后,判定镀锡青铜板带表面短直线、长直线、曲线三种饰线为錾制,錾制工具为V形刃口錾刀,而宽凹槽饰线为刻制,刻制工具则为砣轮。     

Diversifying Australia’s Indo-Pacific infrastructure diplomacy

Infrastructure is an emerging component of Australian diplomacy. In recent years, many infrastructure and connectivity (I&C) programs have been launched in the Indo-Pacific, designed to close the ‘infrastructure gaps’ that plague the region. Competition amongst these, particularly between US and Chinese offerings, has posed a dilemma for Australian foreign policy. Australia has struggled to articulate a policy on China’s Belt and Road Initiative that balances strategic concerns against economic opportunities; while enthusiastic engagement with US alternatives risks perceptions of ‘choosing’ sides between the region’s two main powers. Yet the contemporary marketplace for Indo-Pacific I&C is much broader, with programs recently launched by many governments and regional organisations. These presents an opportunity for Australia to diversify its infrastructure diplomacy, particularly through engagement with the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, cooperation with Japan and new avenues for commercial diplomacy. By engaging with a wider range of I&C partners and institutions, Australia can better integrate itself with the emerging infrastructure systems of the Indo-Pacific.     

American neurophysiology and two nineteenth-century American Physiological Societies

This article contrasts two American Physiological Societies, one founded near the beginning of the nineteenth century in 1837 and the other founded near its end in 1887. The contrast allows a perspective on how much budding neuroscience had developed during the nineteenth century in America. The contrast also emphasizes the complicated structure needed in both medicine and physiology to allow neurophysiology to flourish. The objectives of the American Physiological Society of 1887 were (and are) to promote physiological research and to codify physiology as a discipline. These would be accomplished by making physiology much more inclusive than traditionally accepted by raising research standards, by giving prestige to its members, by providing members a source of professional interchange, by protecting its members from antivivisectionists, and by promoting physiology as fundamental to medicine. The quantity of neuroscientific experiments by its members was striking. The main organizers of the society were Silas Weir Mitchell, John Call Dalton, Henry Pickering Bowditch, and Henry Newell Martin. The objective of the American Physiological Society of 1837 was to disperse knowledge of the “laws of life” and to promote human health and longevity. The primary organizers were William Andrus Alcott and Sylvester Graham with the encouragement of John Benson. Its technique was to use physiological information, not create it as was the case in 1887. Its object was to disseminate the word that healthy eating will improve the quality of life.     

The World Bank–United States–Latin American Triangle: The Negotiations with Socialist Chile, 1970–1973

This paper sheds light on the largely unknown negotiations between Chile and the World Bank (WB) during the presidency of Salvador Allende (1970–1973). The prevalent understanding of the WB's involvement in Latin America portrays the Bank as a loyal ally of the U.S. government and as an institution with the power to impose its views on its borrowers. Yet, an in-depth analysis of previously unexamined primary sources demonstrates that rather than reflecting a dynamic in which the relationship was between Washington and the WB on the one hand, and Chile on the other hand, these relations constituted a WB–U.S.–Chile asymmetric triangle. Despite profound ideological discrepancies, multiple pressures, and constraints, Allende's government and the WB conducted high-ranking negotiations that challenged the U.S.-promoted economic embargo against Chile. The examination of this counterintuitive relationship sheds new light on Allende's positioning in the international arena and on the functioning of the World Bank, thereby providing a unique prism through which to reconsider dichotomist perceptions of the Cold War in Latin America.     

Do We Need a GCC Bank to Facilitate the Economic Turnaround of the GCC Region?

Amidst the ongoing crisis of plummeting oil prices, the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) terrain has become a haunt of economists and financial analysts to tackle the ongoing challenges in the region. GCC constituents are gearing themselves with a robust political will that they hope could result in a turnaround of their economy by adopting a policy of economic diversification in nonoil‐based sectors. With this background supported by extensive qualitative scan of literature pertaining to the reforms proposed by the six members of the GCC to drive the economy forward amidst ongoing economic crisis, this article seeks to underscore the prospect of a shared initiative by the GCC constituents in institutionalizing a GCC bank as a potent innovative solution which may serve to provide an edifice for pushing forth the region's economy in nonhydrocarbon segments contingent upon the individual needs of the GCC constituents. As an exploratory study, this paper sheds light on these issues besides discussing the fundamental functions of the GCC bank.     

河南信阳城阳城遗址战国楚墓出土彩绘陶器的科学研究

为研究河南信阳城阳城址战国楚墓出土彩绘陶器病害,采用X荧光光谱分析、红外光谱分析和拉曼光谱分析对陶器表面颜料、有机底层、金属涂层进行了分析检测,并对陶胎物理性能进行了分析。研究发现:这批城阳城址彩绘陶器为高硅低铝陶器,为典型北方灰陶类型,吸水率较大,结构比较疏松,烧成温度范围在930℃～1025℃。陶器表面红色颜料主要为朱砂和赤铁矿,黄色颜料为针铁矿; 8号墓部分彩绘陶器彩绘层底含锡; 18号墓彩绘陶器黑褐色有机底层为生漆,为漆衣彩绘陶。这些信息为保护修复方案设计和保护修复实施提供了科学基础。     

20世纪五六十年代的东南亚华侨问题与美国对华遏制政策

中国革命的胜利以及中美对抗格局的形成,使原已存在的东南亚华侨问题更加复杂。美国旋即从遏制中国的角度介入该问题,并制定了详尽的政策。例如,鼓励台湾当局争取华侨支持;排斥中国在华侨教育中的影响;鼓吹“中国威胁论”,破坏中国与东南亚国家的关系;充分发挥香港在华侨政策中的独特作用;等等。1960年,美国又根据形势发展,调整了它对东南亚华侨的政策。但是,不管美国的政策如何变化,其遏制中国的基本目标却始终如一。