胁迫视角下乡村旅游地文化影响研究进展与框架构建

乡村文化的保护和发展不仅是新时期我国乡村振兴的重要课题,也是乡村旅游可持续发展的关键所在。旅游开发在带来乡村经济振兴的同时,更多的是胁迫乡村文化生态系统发生变化、产生反应或功能失调,进而导致乡村文化的受损甚至消亡。通过国内外乡村旅游地文化影响相关文献的梳理归纳和研究评述,本文发现当前研究缺乏基于文化胁迫视角的理论框架、文化影响的系统性研究及量化表达薄弱。在系统回顾胁迫生态理论的科学内涵和发展趋势的基础上,指出其应用在乡村旅游人地关系研究中的重要意义,进而提出旅游开发对乡村文化的胁迫模型和胁迫视角下乡村旅游地文化影响研究亟需解决的核心问题。最后从时间-空间-社会维度出发,构建旅游开发对乡村文化胁迫研究的理论框架和内容体系,以期为快速城镇化和旅游发展背景下的乡村振兴、乡村文化保护和乡村旅游可持续发展提供理论参考。     

Cooptation of ENGOs or Treadmill of Production? Advocacy Coalitions and Climate Change Policy in Finland

Corporatist Nordic welfare states are largely thought to have exemplary environmental policies. Finland, however, was labeled “a failing ecostate” by a recent study owing to its weak climate change policy. Why is Finland different? We use data from a survey of organizations belonging to the Finnish climate change policy network to investigate two alternative explanations related to policy networks. According to the Cooptation Thesis, inclusive corporatist polities, where environmental NGOs (ENGOs) have support from and access to the state, formulate less ambitious policies because environmentalists moderate their views to secure state funding and political access. Second, according to the Treadmill of Production Theory, the decisive feature of Nordic corporatism with regard to environmental policy is the tripartite system linking business interests, labor unions, and the state in a coalition that prioritizes economic over ecological values. The results indicate that the ENGO Coalition is the least influential, least resourceful, smallest, least linked to the others, and not particularly moderate. The Treadmill Coalition is the most influential, most resourceful, second largest, well linked to the state, and least ecological in its beliefs. Thus, of the two policy network explanations, the dominance of the Treadmill Coalition rather than cooptation of ENGOs gets support.     

Advocacy Coalitions,Policy Stability,and Policy Change in China: The Case of Birth Control Policy, 1980–2015

This study used the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) to explain stability and change in China's national birth control policy from 1980 to 2015. We found that policy remained stable, despite internal and external changes to the relevant subsystem, from 1980 to 2013. The stability was explained by the dominant advocacy coalition's mobilization of considerable resources to defend its policy core beliefs. Policy changes in 2013 and 2015 were caused by a combination of external and internal perturbations, in addition to policy-oriented learning and advocacy by two expert-led minority advocacy coalitions. The case showed that the openness and plurality of China's policy processes had increased over time but were still limited in comparison with those in Western democracies. The case analysis confirmed two policy change hypotheses and suggested a mechanism for policy change: a hierarchically superior jurisdiction is more likely to impose a major policy change when it learns that the change is an adaptation to internal and external perturbations and that adopting the change will serve the jurisdiction's political interests.     

Building the Reservoir to Nowhere: The Role of Agencies in Advocacy Coalitions

The purpose of the advocacy coalition framework is to explain policy change over time through an examination of the stability of advocacy coalitions within policy subsystems. Recently, scholars have confirmed that advocacy coalitions are held together by shared belief systems, specifically in distributive policy arenas. We contend that federal agencies, in distributive policy arenas, provide both the anchors and support systems for the development and maintenance of belief systems. This anchoring helps provide adequate resources, access to political institutions, ability to control administrative process, and/or the capacity to deliver public goods and services. We conducted an analysis of the policy changes that occurred during the implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act for the construction of the Bureau of Reclamation's Animas‐La Plata project. This is an example where administrators, through the management of information, were able to control the policy process. The analysis provides a needed replication of previous findings regarding policy change and offers new insights into how institutions are critical to subsystem stability over time.     

服务业区位论:概念、理论及研究框架

二战以来,随着世界经济服务化进程加快,国内外学者越来越关注服务业区位理论的研究,但迄今为止,国内外学术界至今没有形成完整的服务业区位理论体系。从区位论的基本概念出发,在区位过程理论的基础上,根据服务业的特性及分类,提出了由一般服务业区位理论和服务业行业区位理论构成的服务业区位理论研究框架。在服务业区位理论框架的基础上,阐述了服务业区位选择的基础理论,初步构建了由经济区位因素、空间区位因素、信息区位因素和人文区位因素构成的服务业区位因素钻石模型,并探讨了服务业区位选择及区位模式的研究思路。结合所建立的服务业区位理论体系,提出了服务业区位的实证研究框架。     

理解中国城市生活方式：基于时空行为的研究框架

面对以人为核心的城市研究与规划需求,如何理解城市居民的日常生活并分析城市空间与居民生活方式之间的互动关系就显得尤为重要。转型期背景下,受到制度与市场双重力量的驱动,中国城市生活方式表现出特殊性。本文从生活方式理论、时间地理学和活动分析法的理论基础出发,分析生活方式与时空行为的关系,指出从行为角度进行生活方式研究的可行性;提出基于时空行为变量测度生活方式的指标体系,将出行模式、与城市空间的关系和日程安排作为度量生活方式的核心指标;并构建了生活方式的影响机制分析框架,提出制度、技术、地理背景和社会关系是影响生活方式的主要因素,为更好的理解中国城市社会空间与居民生活提供有效途径。     

旅游服务外包的理论建构研究

旅游服务外包是旅游企业提升竞争优势和实现自身可持续发展的重要战略选择和旅游业产业升级及资源优化的重要方式。本文通过分析服务外包的概念及相关理论,厘定了旅游服务外包的内涵,构建了旅游服务外包理论模型框架,提出了旅游服务外包的分类及其特征。     

重新看近代史——近代三次改革运动的再思考

本文在反思意识形态史学的基础上,把中国近代史用五次战争、三场改革、一次革命串连起来。用解释学的方法,从人类文化学、心理文化变迁、思想文化层面、政治制度层面等视角重新审视、解读中国近代史。提出一个民族要不失时机地进行制度创新,要避免政治参与所引发的井喷效应。     

江苏县级博物馆体系规划刍议

基本实现现代化已经成为江苏发展的明确目标。在这一目标下,江苏"十二五"文物事业发展规划把建设覆盖全省的县级博物馆体系作为"约束性指标"。江苏县级博物馆体系规划需从目标、布局、体系、阶段、制度等五个层面来构建,实现这一目标的五种有效途径,即强调政府的主导责任、事业发展的政策引导、建设过程中的科学规律、投入主体多元的鼓励、恪守博物馆公益性和行业道德规范。通过博物馆体系规划,将促进江苏县级博物馆整体功能优势进一步充分发挥。     

基于GIS的家谱资源整合集成研究

我国家谱源远流长、内容丰富、数量巨大,一直是众多领域学者关注的焦点。但是,家谱研究始终处于初级阶段,家谱的价值尚未得到充分利用。其根本原因在于家谱资源分布广泛、共享困难、研究方法和手段单一。各方通力合作,利用高新技术整合现有家谱资源,建立中华家谱总数据库和总平台已迫在眉睫。本文针对家谱典型的时空特性,提出采用GIS技术整合集成海量家谱资源,并进一步探讨了家谱资源整合集成的若干关键问题,设计了家谱资源整合集成的基本原则和平台框架,为家谱研究提供了新的思路、方法和技术。