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61.
中国古代金饰文化板块论   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
古代金饰记载缺佚,其发展状况实难廓清。经耙梳发掘出土金饰,不难发现金饰晚出,始于夏商,承传至清。各地金饰功能不同,其工艺、形式、风格异彩纷呈,独具一格而又互有联系、取长补短。从宏观层面以板块概全4000余年金饰文化的运动规律,先后出现了北方草原游牧部落金饰文化、黄河长江流域粟稻农作华夏族群金饰文化、西南高原红土带农牧群落金饰文化、中原帝王金饰文化等四大金饰文化板块,始终处于互为碰撞、交流、整合、承传、创新的运动过程之中,创造了金丝片、锤鍱、錾刻至焊金粟珠、编丝、掐丝、累丝、镶嵌以及错金银等金细工艺。这四大板块是由于环境、气候、产业、食物链的多样性等物质的、文化的客观条件决定的,同时又促成其局部范围金饰文化亚板块的形成与发展。4000余年的中国古代金饰文化发展变化无不受其板块运动的制约和推动。  相似文献   
62.
Ceramic snuffing tubes and inhaling bowls used for ingesting hallucinogenic substances are known from several islands in the West Indies, but their chronological distribution is often vague. A partial inhaling bowl found at the site of Grand Bay on Carriacou in deposits dating between ca. A.D. 1000–1200, along with two other unprovenienced specimens from the local museum, were dated using luminescence (TL and OSL) to determine their antiquity. Surprisingly, the dates had a weighted average of 400 ± 189 B.C., making them several hundred years older than all 14C assays from the island; however, they do overlap in age with similar artifacts found on Puerto Rico and Vieques Island over 750 km away. Additional luminescence dating of two stylistically distinct Suazan ceramic sherds excavated from stratified deposits at Grand Bay fall within the expected ceramic and radiocarbon chronology. These data, coupled with petrographic analysis of the specimens, suggests that they were not made using local materials. Instead, they appear to have been transported to the island, possibly hundreds of years later, as heirlooms. This may be the first evidence for inter-island transport of drug paraphernalia in the Caribbean.  相似文献   
63.
    
ABSTRACT

In Spain, gypsum and its many typologies play an important role as a construction material in Spanish architectural heritage. Its historical use is mainly a direct consequence of the abundance of gypsum deposits and a constructive tradition which began in ancient times. In addition to being a sign of constructive identity, gypsum is a clear example of the strong link between traditional architecture and the natural resources of the territory. The aim of this article is after to identify gypsum deposits and gypsum architectural heritage found in different parts of Spain and to explain the different gypsum typologies—other than powdered gypsum—used. Finally, the most unique construction techniques are described, differentiating between structural elements, partitions, and enclosures, as well as architectural elements and surface finishes.  相似文献   
64.
金银平脱是一种将髹漆与金属镶嵌相结合的工艺技术,是我国古代著名的器物装饰技法。考古发掘资料表明,金银平脱技术是由最早出现于商代的金银箔贴花技术发展而来,经由战国、汉代较长时期的发展,到了唐代,这一工艺已得到创造性的运用,成为极具时代特点的器物装饰技法,对后周边国家和地区以及后世相关装饰工艺产生了很大影响。  相似文献   
65.
一直以来,高丽青瓷的研究备受中国学界关注。在中韩陶瓷交流史的研究中,文献是非常重要的参考资料。本研究将以朝鲜官方史料《高丽史》、《朝鲜王朝实录》及李奎报《东国李相国集》等朝鲜文人文集及科学实验数据为中心,辅以《宣和奉使高丽图经》、《大元圣政国朝典章》、《入唐求法巡礼行记》等中、日方文献,探讨中国青瓷制瓷技艺对高丽青瓷的影响及高丽青瓷的发展与传播。  相似文献   
66.
为了促进微生物学理论与技术在我国文物保护领域中的应用,使我国的文物保护与国际先进水平接轨,本文通过对国内外有关文物保护微生物学研究进展的综述,阐述了饱水木质文物细菌性病害的成因和机理.侵蚀细菌、钻管细菌和空化细菌是饱水木质文物细菌性病害的病原体,但它们的作用方式有一定的区别.在饱水木质文物细菌性病害诊断上,国外已较为普遍地使用了光镜技术、电镜技术、细菌培养技术以及多种分子生物学技术.根据众多样本分析的结果,国外学者已建立评价饱水木质文物腐蚀状态的定性指标体系.文中还结合目前我国有关饱水木质文物保护的现状,阐述了文物保护微生物学在我国饱水木质文物保护中的应用前景,并建议尽快开展相关的研究工作.  相似文献   
67.
考古发掘现场腐蚀微生物的鉴定与防治一直是考古学家和文物保护工作者面临的难点问题。截至目前,国内外对于文物出土现场微生物腐蚀信息和资料获取的研究还十分有限。本研究以山西翼城大河口西周墓地为例,探讨了考古发掘现场遗址表面腐蚀真菌的快速检测技术与可能的防治对策;通过现场直接镜检结合后期分子生物学检测技术,确定造成大河口西周墓地土遗址大量污染真菌的群落组成。研究发现,造成山西大河口墓地出土现场腐蚀的优势真菌类群主要隶属于假散囊菌属(Pseudeurotium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)和小不整球壳属(Plectosphaerella),它们分别占据了整个出土现场腐蚀真菌克隆文库中的23%、21%、和18%。竖直墓道发掘坑道内较高的温度和相对湿度以及较低的空气交换速率是造成发掘现场微生物大面积污染的主要环境因子。该研究为快速获取出土文物腐蚀微生物的群落信息提供了技术支撑,为后期腐蚀微生物的防治提供了理论依据。  相似文献   
68.
甲骨文中有秉棘一语,以往对棘字不识或误读,影响了对卜辞的理解。本文通过对棘字的考释,指出秉棘乃手持酸枣树的枝条之意。秉棘的目的是为了驱鬼。以棘驱鬼作为巫术之一种,有着久远的来源和很强的延续性。通过对卜辞秉棘一语的考释,可以窥见殷代巫术文化之一斑。  相似文献   
69.
    
ABSTRACT

It is an acknowledged fact that historical centers, given its significance from the cultural and architectural viewpoint, bring further challenges in terms of maintenance planning, survey, and safety assessment. The preparation of an adequate investigation plan and the extent of data to be collected is highly reliant on many aspects, such as the category of the architectonic asset, the importance of the heritage site, or the resources available, for example. In what regards the seismic response assessment of urban cultural heritage assets located in historical centers, the amount and detail of data also depend on this article, scale of assessment, and current state of conservation and occupation. Within this framework, this article provides an overview of the state of the art of investigation techniques currently used in survey operations, which are currently available for improving the knowledge level of urban cultural heritage assets within historical centers, as a supporting tool for the seismic response assessment of such singular assets. Finally, acknowledging the lack of accuracy when evaluating the seismic response of an asset enclosed in aggregate as an isolated structure, this article also focuses on the identification of the main particularities inherent to buildings enclosed in aggregate.  相似文献   
70.
    
Here, we report on the analytical findings and their cultural implications of a multidisciplinary study of the pre‐Columbian Codex Fejérváry‐Mayer. Today conserved at the World Museum in Liverpool, it is one of the finest Mesoamerican codices among the few extant. Thanks to the exploitation of non‐invasive analytical methodologies accessible through the MOLAB European mobile facility, the study allowed us to disclose the chemical composition of the painting materials used in the codex, which have never been analysed before. The results are discussed and compared with the outcomes of previous studies on other Mesoamerican codices.  相似文献   
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