《金陵长干寺真身塔藏舍利石函记》考释及相关问题

《金陵长干寺真身塔藏舍利石函记》碑铭2008年出土于南京大报恩寺遗址宋代塔基地宫中。碑铭刻写俱佳,保存完好,对于研究长干寺的历史沿革和宋初修造长干寺真身塔的详细情况,皆具有重要的史学价值。出土的佛顶骨舍利为北宋译经僧施护所献,长干寺地宫独特的形制受六朝时期地宫形制的影响;用阿育王塔瘗藏舍利的形式,显受五代吴越国影响颇深。     

北宋长干寺圣感塔地宫形制成因初探

2008年发现的南京北宋长干寺圣感塔地宫形制为圆形竖穴土圹式,为目前发现宋代舍利塔地宫中所仅见,而与南北朝时期的早期佛塔地宫形制一致。通过全面梳理我国舍利塔地宫的发展脉络,以及南京长干寺自东吴开始的建塔历史,可以认为北宋长干寺圣感塔地宫独特形制的形成有两种可能性:其一是沿用六朝长干寺佛塔地宫,其二是北宋建塔过程中有意模仿南北朝时期的地宫形制。     

郑和与金陵大报恩寺关系考

明代金陵大报恩寺及其琉璃塔是由著名航海家郑和参与建造的世界奇观。大报恩寺的直接前身为建于吴末晋初的"长干寺",乃是南京地区历史最为古老的寺、塔之一。这里曾经是瘗藏唐三藏玄奘大师的顶骨舍利之处,是明代南京唯一依皇宫建筑体制起造的佛教寺院,也是明代早期总管全国佛教事务的中央机构"僧录司"所在,拥有全国佛教管理和佛学中心之地位。该寺还与明成祖身世之谜及成祖夺嫡易位乃至建文出家失踪诸史事相关。在其长达16年的建造过程中,郑和自始至终都参与其中,从而对该工程之完成作出过特殊的贡献。     

南京市江宁区胡村南朝墓

2001年9月,在南京市区北部的郭家山西麓发掘了三座东晋时期砖室墓。根据 M12发现的温式之墓志,可以确认此处为东晋名臣温峤的家族墓地。温氏家族墓的发现,对研究东晋早期大型穹隆顶砖室墓的形制、墓葬等级、墓主身份及丧葬制度等提供了重要资料,也为寻找东晋帝陵的位置提供了重要的线索。     

Evaluating the use of IKONOS satellite imagery in lowland Maya settlement archaeology

This article presents an extensive evaluation, in several contiguous or near-contiguous areas, of the viability of IKONOS satellite imagery in detecting sub-canopy Maya settlement in Peten, Guatemala. Initial research in and around San Bartolo, Guatemala, led to the conclusion that IKONOS imagery could be highly effective in detecting and predicting Maya settlement of the Preclassic and Classic periods, in zones of dense occupation near swampy lowlands known as bajos. The pioneering methods at San Bartolo are applied here to other regions in the Maya lowlands, but with mixed or unpromising results. Preliminary evaluation indicates that local climate, geology, hydrology, topography, pedology, and vegetation differ dramatically in these other regions, with consequences for wider application of the settlement signature discerned at San Bartolo. Possible reasons for these difficulties are offered in this paper, along with ways to strengthen the use of multispectral imagery in archaeological survey of tropical forests.     

伏虎罗汉、行脚僧、宝胜如来与达摩多罗——11至13世纪中国多民族美术关系史个案分析

本文从分析宁夏贺兰山山嘴沟所见伏虎罗汉入手,梳理了汉藏罗汉图像的差异,重点考察了藏传佛教罗汉中伏虎罗汉、布袋和尚与达摩多罗图像的来源。作者认为,达摩多罗名号与图像的形成与吐蕃禅宗、禅宗保唐派、唐五代行脚僧及其变化的宝胜如来信仰密切相关,并与佛陀波利以及流行于两宋的布袋和尚信仰相互交织。论文解释了新罗僧与宝胜如来的信仰如何引发藏传罗汉达摩多罗与宁夏贺兰山之间特殊的联系,这些错综复杂的信仰与图像演变是中国11—13世纪多民族美术关系史的集中映现。     

清末民初上海公共租界会审公廨法权之变迁(1911～1912)

清末民初,上海公共租界会审公廨法权较之以往发生了重大的变化。《申报》对此作有较为详细的报道,以此为考察材料,通过对法权变化内容的分析和这一过程的动态重构,以期从中透视变乱之际中外权势转移的动态情景,并得以多层面、多视角得认识中国法制近代化的艰辛历程。     

‘The languor of the hot weather’: everyday perspectives on weather and climate in colonial Bombay, 1819–1828

This study provides an historical perspective on everyday experiences of weather and climate, through an analysis of the diaries of two colonial figures in Bombay, western India, in the 1820s: Mountstuart Elphinstone (the then Governor) and Lucretia West (the wife of the Chief Justice). The paper explores the ways in which climate impacted upon their daily routine and health, and discusses evidence for the influence of wider climatic narratives within their writings. Climate played a dominant and complex role within colonial discourse, providing both a barrier to colonisation, and a justification for European governance over populations that had become ‘degenerate’ through their exposure to tropical climates. Both of the diaries evidence this influence of climate within the colonists’ daily lives, but demonstrate the differing responses to climate based on the two diarists’ social positions. Mountstuart Elphinstone, in particular, had a strong sense of the impact of climate upon his health, in keeping with contemporary medical beliefs equating climate with physical wellbeing. The paper provides evidence of the evolution of acclimatisation discourse during the early nineteenth century, and suggests that European beliefs concerning tropical climates were changing simultaneously within both the medical establishment and the wider colonial community. The paper also explores the medical excursions that the diarists took to towns in the Western Ghats. It is apparent that their experiences of the climate in such towns were influenced by their prior expectations, a theme which resonates with discourses of climate in our own times.     

基于GIS的黄土塬区居民点空间分布研究

借助GIS的空间分析功能,对黄土塬区居民点进行空间分布研究,得出黄土塬区居民点空间分布是随机的,决定这种分布的主要因素是地形地貌,历史继承性也对本区居民点空间分布有一定的影响,并指出在黄土塬区小城镇体系的建设中,城镇布局应主要考虑地形因素,同时也应注意城镇布局遵循经济地理区位论理论,以利于区域经济发展的需要。