古代北方的水质与民生

水质与民生密切相关,中国南北地理环境不同决定了水质的差异。一般而言,古代南方的日常生活用水以江河湖泉为多,外在"所染"为其水质问题的主要方面;北方民生用水以井水为多,井水自身"所含"的水质问题则较突出,由此而引发的地方病也和南方地区有较大差异。井水咸苦长期困扰北方居民的日常生活,它曾对历史时期北方国都营建产生重要影响,对各级治所的经营也有所制约。水质是生态环境问题也是社会问题,不同时代、地域、阶层对北方水质有不同感知,历经实践浸染与文字流布,这一日常生活的身体实践逐渐演变成为一种知识、观念乃至于文化。     

殷墟四合院式建筑基址考察

对殷墟某一区域建筑基址的大面积揭露,在殷墟考古上是极为难得的.这次发掘出来的六排四合院式建筑基址,排列有序,建筑形式相同,布局严谨,规划设计明确.但规格和等级明显偏低.它很可能是商王室下属的一处重要官邸或是殷商时期某一阶段某个族的核心建筑遗存.其始建年代应在殷墟文化第四期偏早阶段,毁弃时期应在殷墟文化第四期晚段,即武王灭商及其以后时期.     

论编辑策划与党校期刊质量的提升

编辑策划在期刊编辑出版和竞争中发挥着越来越重要的作用。新形势下党校期刊必须创新办刊机制,不断探索办刊规律,做好编辑策划工作。只有这样才能编发出更多精品文章,办出党校期刊的特色与优势,提高党校期刊的社会影响力,充分发挥党校期刊作为党的重要思想理论阵地的作用。     

樋口一叶及其文学的中间性格

口一叶是日本明治时期一位传奇式女作家。其作品至今仍倍受欢迎。她及她的作品有一定的解读难度,评论界对其魅力所在亦是众说纷绘。本文从另一角度认为,一叶及其文学的思想性格和文学地位在本质上犹如处于两种或几种不同潮流之间的夹缝地带,具有中间性、过渡性、遥摆性。这也是其魅力所在。     

论胡适与乾嘉考据学派

胡适继承了乾嘉考据学派疑古的精神、历史的眼光、考据学的方法.但是他主张用实验主义的方法去寻找证据,主张创办图书馆事业,提倡写人物传记来保存史料,提出用二重证据法来验证史实,主张方法的自觉和学术的公允,都是对乾嘉考据学派的超越.然而,他主张二元史观和历史发展的偶然论,夸大个人在社会发展中的作用,使得他的存疑主义走向了极端,这些都是他对乾嘉考据学派合理因素的抛弃.尽管如此,胡适在近代中国学术史上的地位不容忽视,他在史学领域取得的卓越成就和治学方法的独到见解也是值得我们借鉴的.     

ANOTHER ONE BITES THE DUST: QUALITY CONTROL AND FIRING TECHNOLOGY IN THE PRODUCTION OF MEDIEVAL GREYWARE CERAMICS IN CATALONIA,SPAIN

The following study sheds new light on the quality control procedures of ancient potters by comparing cooking vessels exported from the medieval kiln‐site of Cabrera d'Anoia (Barcelona) with ‘wasters' that were discarded at source. The firing temperature of examined sherds indicates that only pots subjected to a maximum temperature of 800–850°C were offered for sale. The potters at Cabrera d'Anoia appear to have been fully aware of the optimal balance between thermal and physical shock resistance of vessels fired within this range and strived to control firing in order to achieve better products than that of competing workshops.     

School quality and rural in-migration: Can better rural schools attract new residents?

Studies in the nonmetropolitan population change literature have largely focused on the role of natural amenities and economic restructuring, but few have focused on the role of public services. This paper addresses the question of whether public services in nonmetropolitan counties, specifically the outcomes of public schools, could attract migrants. We use a Poisson regression technique little-used in the migration literature to control for push and pull factors driving migration patterns and control for school quality. Results show that better schools can draw migrants to nonmetropolitan areas. Marginal effects are larger for nonmetropolitan counties not adjacent to metropolitan areas.     

It’s never too late to join the revolution! – Enabling new modes of production in the contemporary Danish food system

ABSTRACT

The Danish food system has undergone a transition in the past 10–20 years, in which new quality conventions have evolved. Examples include increasing organic production and consumption, and increasing interest in local food, experience, community, taste and gastronomy. This article explores what influences if and how these new food trends are expressed in the food system. We conduct a comparative case study involving three product categories: craft beer, specialty flour and organic broilers. Craft beer and specialty flour have undergone a revolution, in which new flavours, products, practices and social relations are generated; by contrast, organic broilers have remained a relatively stable product category. The case studies demonstrate that the revolution is not just taking place in one domain, but it implies a multidimensional reconfiguration of the food system where an emphasis on multiple quality aspects and diversification of the product category is important. However, food trends are not the invention of the individual producer, but serve as common conventions that products can be related to, although their interpretation is not pre-given. In addition, a transition presupposes a shared vision and a coordination of activities among the actors in the food system or the mobilization of new actors who share this vision.     

Combining growth and level data: An estimation of the population of Belgian municipalities between 1880 and 1970

Economic historians that study long-term changes during the nineteenth and twentieth century are fundamentally restricted by the availability of qualitative data. As a result, researchers are forced to either impute missing data, or otherwise combine datasets in some way. In this article, we demonstrate the versatility of state-space models in addressing these problems. Not only do they enable us to compose large data series of high quality, they also provide a clear estimate of how reliable this data is, allowing any subsequent analyses to take this reliability into account. We illustrate the advantages of a state-space model using the population of Belgian municipalities as a case study. By combining growth and level data, we are able to compute yearly population statistics of over 2600 municipalities from 1880 to 1970.     

城市人居环境与满意度评价研究

从安全、舒适、和谐、方便等原则出发,选择建筑质量等5个准则,房型设计等56个因素作为调查与评价因子,建立城市人居环境满意度评估的基本框架,运用社会调查统计法对城区代表居住地域进行综合评价,指出南京市区人居环境总体处于发展阶段,并提出各居住地域人居环境优化措施和方案。