The visibility of past trees and woodland: testing the value of insect remains

The reconstruction of woodland history is important in relation to archaeological, ecological, biogeographical and evolutionary problems, and insect remains are a significant source of relevant information. Fully natural interglacial and Holocene ‘waterlogged’ deposits assumed to have formed in woodland generally contain abundant macrofossils of both plants and insects indicative of trees. In contrast, British archaeological deposits rich in macrofossil remains of trees often lack, or contain very few, tree-associated insects. To cast light on this contradiction, assemblages of insect (Coleoptera and Hemiptera) remains from a range of modern deposits with various spatial relationships to woodland and trees have been analysed. The proportions of tree-associated insects varied greatly. There was a general trend from higher values in woodland and near to isolated trees of species supporting a rich insect fauna, to low or zero values where there were no trees. However, low values sometimes occurred in woods or near trees, so that rarity of tree-associated insects in archaeological deposits does not always carry the implication of a treeless environment. Further investigation is suggested, with emphasis on the importance of identifying isolated trees, scrub and hedges as a resource for humans and wildlife in the past.     

柳诒徵的“史德”论及其史学批评

“史德”论是史学理论中的重要范畴之一。这一概念最早由清代史学家章学诚提出,后经梁启超等人进一步阐发。柳诒徵在对章学诚、梁启超等人“史德”论批评与继承的基础上,提出了自己的独到见解。他论述了“有史而德”及“从德而史”的辨证关系,并强调“治史以畜德”的重要性。柳诒徵的“史德”是对前人的补充和发展。     

Sexual citizenship in ‘the New Tasmania’

The state of Tasmania, the smallest in the Commonwealth of Australia, has recently reformed its law relating to relationships by amending over 100 pieces of legislation to include a range of relationships, including lesbian and gay partnerships, among those given recognition and legal entitlement. This government-sponsored legislation is represented as central to the program of economic revival, social reform and branding described as ‘the New Tasmania’. This article locates the relationship reform in this discourse of Tasmania's newness and in the context of neo-liberal approaches to globalisation. It argues that sexual citizenship takes a multitude of forms and its value, like the value of relationship reform legislation, cannot be easily determined. Indeed, it asks whether sexual citizenship as a form of belonging can ever be disentangled from the various contexts where it is performed. It concludes by privileging the desires and performances of sexual citizenship over the constitution of sexual citizenship in rights or recognition.     

“整理国故运动”兴盛原因探究

20世纪20～30年代,“整理国故运动”曾经在民国学术界风行一时。究其原因,一方面是缘于新史料的不断发现和新方法的逐步运用;另一方面,当时学者们普遍抱有的“与外人争胜”的心态,也在很大程度上促成了“整理国故运动”的长期兴盛。     

《全宋诗》辑佚120首（一）

《全宋诗》共72册,由北京大学出版社出版后,给宋代文学研究带来极大的便利,确实是一项嘉惠士林、造福子孙的宏伟事业。但该书也还有很多缺误,需要学者们不断补充与研究,方能逐渐臻于完善。笔者多年来查考众籍,从事补遗,所得渐多。今将披览方志及《永乐大典》残卷所得,辑成《全宋诗辑佚作120首》。本文所辑佚诗,均为《全宋诗》未收诗人之作,凡作者事迹可考者,则先作小传,后录佚诗。文后附引用书目,以便查检。     

六朝碑刻词语考释

汉魏六朝石刻语料数量丰富。而且极具时代特色。在词汇研究上意义重大。考释其中的词语,有利于碑的疏通理解,可以弥补辞书用例的漏缺,对于汉语词汇史研究,甚至全面认识这一时期语言的全貌也有积极的作用。本选取汉魏六朝石刻若干词条,采用排比例证、词义溯源、结构分析等方法进行考释,希望能对前贤或辞书的成说有所补正。     

佛教美术中的维摩诘题材释读

维摩诘题材是中国佛教美术中最为重要且常见的题材之一。早在佛教东渐之初的两汉时期,以维摩诘为主角的《维摩诘经》已经被介绍来中国,伴随经典的翻译传播,维摩诘所代表的融通世、出世间,注重理、行不二的大乘佛教理念在中国寻得了大众,特别是具有儒家传统而兼出世情怀的士大夫阶层的普遍认可,而经中表述的丰富多彩的情节与生动鲜明的形象更使得维摩诘成为远自魏晋以来,广及绘画、雕塑以及诗歌、戏剧、音乐等各个艺术门类的重要题材[1],这使得它在中国文化发展史上的作用,甚至超出了其于宗教范畴内的意义。本文拟就维摩诘作为美术题材的发生、发展及其通例表现形式的宗教蕴意作通览性的考察与探究。     

南非白人政权的“分别发展”图谋和“黑人家园”的设立

20世纪60年代“班图斯坦”（黑人家园）的设立,是南非现代史上的一个重大事件。白人政权不遗余力地积极推行这一“创举”,在南非国内和国际上都引起了强烈的反响。“黑人家园”的设立可谓“意味深长”,它是种族主义的极端体现,在政治上“让步”的背后,是精心设计的经济上“分别发展”计划的实施。     

《宋太祖实录》探微

《宋太祖实录》前后经过四次编修,成书三部,至迟到元代时仍有传本存世。其纪事由于皇帝直接干预以及史臣避忌等原因,从而始终存在缺漏、原无后增以及与它史有异等问题,它直接促使私家通过著述欲辨明该段史事。     

骚体新变与汉魏文体的演进

骚体为两汉辞赋的重要形式,汉人不仅拟楚骚作辞,而且不断推动骚体的新变：通过骚体句式的散化,使散体大赋注重抒情性和音韵美;通过减省兮字,促成了三言诗、七言诗,完成了骚体的诗化;广泛采用减省兮字的四言、六言句式,推动骚体赋向小赋发展的同时,并促进了骈赋的形成。