博物馆文物的防震保护研究（二）——设防地震动输入及结构地震动反应

通过对上海及邻近地区地震危害性分析,结合地震研究工作结果,根据上海博物馆文物防震保护的具体要求,研究确定了该博物馆文物防震保护的设防水准及地震动参数。场地地震动输入峰值加速度水准确定为50年超越概率3％,地震动反应谱采用上海市标准《建筑抗震设计规范》(DGJ08-9-92)中给出的地震影响系数曲线(阻尼比0.05),并将输入峰值加速度调整为180gal。研究采用了目前通用的拟合反应谱的方法,通过拟合选定的地震动反应标准谱,合成了6条人造地震波时程曲线,拟合精度控制在相对误差不大于5％;同时结合上海市《建筑抗震设计规范》(DGJ08-9-92)中所附的一条强震记录,共同作为上海博物馆结构地震反应分析的输入地震动。又根据上海博物馆建筑的结构特征分析,结合建筑结沟动力特征的实测结果,通过采用层模型结构时程分析计算方法,计算并获得了在遭遇设防地震时,上海博物馆建筑物每一层的地震动反应,表明上海博物馆建筑各楼层的地震动反应具有明显的楼层放大作用。对各楼层地震动反应的统计分析,给出了上海博物馆建筑物每一层的地震动参数,以此可作为今后文物地震危害性分析,及研究设计隔震装置等防震措施的依据。     

二十世纪有关纸的考古发现不能否定蔡伦发明造纸术（1）

近几十年来,我国考古工作曾先后在一些西汉遗址和墓葬中发现了若干纸状残片,于是引起国内外许多学和广大人民的关注和提出疑问。是否蔡伦前约二百年就有了纸?造纸术还是不是蔡伦发明的?新发掘的纸状物到底是个什么样?经对历次的发掘作了详细的调查研究和分析化验,结论认为：20世纪有关纸的考古发现不能否定蔡伦发明造纸术。     

也谈学术著作翻译的几个问题--就学术著作的翻译与魏良弢先生商榷

判断学术作有无学术价值的标准是：该书是否在一定程度上反映了当时时代的思想和当时社会的要求，是否产生过较大的影响．并且对今人的研究有一定的意义。翻译作中学术译名的统一只能是相对的。史学评论必须提倡优良的作风，高尚的德，实事求是的评述才会使评论成为促进史学发展的有力武器。     

传统城市空间的近代转型:以上海县城为例(1905-1914)

学界对于传统中国城市空间近代转型相对缺乏关注。通过对上海县城的研究发现,在人口压力增加、城市用地紧张、环境恶化及租界示范效应的多重作用下,明清治所城市空间结构不再适用于20世纪初的上海县城,城市空间亟待改造。上海县城市政机构的设立为解决这一需求提供了制度保障与财力支持,故县城得以开展前所未有的大规模建设,包括道路、排水、桥梁、码头、义冢迁移、公地改造、市容清理等,以不同以往的空间结构重塑了上海县城。这种因人地关系紧张带来的适应性改善不限于上海一地,而具有普遍性的意义。     

Offa’s Dyke: a historiographical appraisal

Offa’s Dyke is one of the largest and best known, if rather less well understood, field monuments in Britain. Despite this, there have been very few primary studies of it. This article makes a critical examination of the principal bodies of work dealing with the dyke. It argues that in many respects our knowledge is less certain than is usually believed. In particular it discusses the time and labour necessary for the construction of the earthwork and it is suggested that it could have been constructed much more quickly, and with a much smaller workforce, than is generally supposed. More fundamentally, the purpose and function of Offa’s Dyke are considered, and it is argued that, in addition to any practical utility it may have had, the earthwork had important ideological significances that until recently have been largely neglected. Specifically, it is argued that the dyke was a manifestation of eighth-century Mercian royal ideology, intended to consolidate the power of the Mercian kingship, in the west midlands in particular and southern England more generally.     

The cultivation of Communist cadres during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

During the Chinese War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) made great progress in its cultivation of cadres. The favorable environment of the National United Front made it possible for the CCP to successfully train a large number of cadres with intellectual backgrounds while continuously using and promoting those who came from worker or peasant backgrounds. By so doing, the CCP raised the quality of its cadres. The CCP’s cultivation of its cadres during the War of Resistance was a systematic undertaking, with interrelated and mutually reinforcing components of education, training, examination, criticism, and self-criticism. Based on cadre self-consciousness and training, a regularized yet not rigid process of cadre cultivation was established. During the same period, the CCP also launched a rectification campaign (Zhengfeng yundong) to further unify and transform the Party. This important movement also left a deep mark on the cultivation of Communist cadres.     

黑龙江省旅游业发展策略初探

本文从现代旅游业的特点出发,运用旅游学的基本理论,结合黑龙江省的实际情况,对本省旅游业的发展策略进行了初步探讨。     

地缘政治学理论、方法与九十年代的地缘政治学

本文介绍了地缘政治学家关于地缘政治学学科的不同定义;探讨了不同层次地缘政治学研究的核心概念和研究方法论,分析了长期存在的学科内涵争论;探索了九十年代地缘政治学新的研究领域和发展方向:旨在推动我国地理学家参与国家和全球的地缘政治,地缘战略研究,繁荣和发展我国人文地理学的学科体系。     

中国城市住房改革与住房矛盾——南京市公共住宅私有化实践研究

文章旨在阐述南京市住房改革纲要,通过对住房改革的分析,揭示住房矛盾。强调今后应当重视住房改革引发的新问题,并提出相应对策。