Elizabeth Wiskemann and the Sudeten Question: A Woman at the ‘Essential Hinge’ of Europe

Abstract

The film Somewhere in Europe articulates a vision of the political future of post-World War II Europe. War orphans are depicted as the agents of the continent’s reconstruction. The Marxism embodied in the film challenges the Soviet-style Communism soon to be imposed in Eastern Europe, and stylistically Somewhere in Europe distances itself from Socialist Realism. It assumes the role of a foundational film for the recently rebuilt Hungarian film industry and aims to provide the emerging generation of Hungarian filmmakers with an inventory of the major cinematic styles of the first half of the century.     

Loyalist Tattoos and Tattooed Generals in the Song Dynasty

According to Yue Fei’s biography, when the legendary general was slandered and interrogated for treason, he tore the shirt off his body, exposing four characters tattooed on his back: “Exhaust one’s loyalty in service of the state.” This study looks at two components of the Yue Fei story—patriotic tattoos, and tattooed generals—and examines their meaning in the broader stretch of Song dynasty history. Yue Fei was not the Song dynasty’s only tattooed general who came to a tragic end. The Northern Song’s Di Qing was a tattooed soldier whose military merit allowed him to rise to the highest levels of power in the empire. Di Qing’s story makes it clear that tattooed generals were objects of suspicion and ridicule at court due to their military tattoos, a trait that linked them to the criminals and lower class men that manned the Song armies. Though military tattoos sometimes had a loyalist ring to them, they were carried out on a mass scale, and were a characteristic of coercion rather than fervent loyalism. This study shows that underneath the nationalist historical narrative of the Song dynasty, of which Yue Fei is a famous example, there lies a different story of social conflict within the Song state. Rather than a story of Chinese fighting non-Chinese and of traitorous and cowardly officials struggling with loyal patriots, this study offers a narrative of a social conflict between high-born clear-skinned officials and low-born tattooed military men.     

论清末的省界观念

清末的省界观念,学界对其在多个领域中的普遍存在缺乏清晰的认识和更进一步的探究.其实,到了清末,以地缘情结为基础的省界观念无论是在地方政权体系、私营经济领域当中,还是在留学生特别是留日学生群体、资产阶级革命派当中,都广泛地存在着,并产生着极其恶劣的影响.直到21世纪的今天,省界观念依然如幽灵一般无处不在,因此,涤荡省界意识,有着重要的现实意义和价值.     

《活法》的经营之道

稻盛和夫的著述非常多,其中,比较有代表性的是《活法》。该书早已翻译成中文,分两卷在东方出版社出版。该书篇幅简短、案例生动、说理透彻,深受中国读者的喜爱,主要内容包括三个方面：企业需要哲学;人生与经营都重在态度;具体的经营方法。作者结合《活法》一书,阐述了对稻盛和夫经营哲学的最新认识。     

《全明词》续补（一）——台湾所藏珍稀本明人别集所辑明词之一

台湾国家图书馆、台湾中央研究院傅斯年图书馆等处所藏的明人别集中,有一些是海内外不常见的珍稀本古籍,其中的明词值得重视。现将从这两处图书馆所搜采来的十五种别集中的近三百首明词陆续刊布,以飨读者。     

《杂剧三集》编纂问题考论

<杂剧三集>是清初邹式金、邹漪父子共同编选.身为遗民的邹式金在编选思想方面制定了宏观上的编选规划;而编辑出版经验丰富的邹漪,在具体的编刊事务上可能付出了更多的努力.编选者重杂剧轻传奇的美学观念,既规制了该书编选的基本原则,又寄寓了以剧存史、接续"盛明"的良苦用心.     

清进士题名碑考述

立于北京孔庙内、镌刻有清朝全部进士姓名及甲第、籍贯的进士题名碑,是清朝重要的科举文献.本文讨论了题名碑的建立、规制、书写、改刊等问题,对题名碑的文献价值、题名碑的讹误等也作了分析.     

《全清词·顺康卷补编》拾遗

<全清词·顺康卷>第一册收陆世仪词1首,<全清词·顺康卷补编>未补陆词.赵尊岳尝刻陆氏<桴亭词>1卷,收词22阕,<全明词>亦收陆词22阕,除去与<全清词·顺康卷>重出者外,可补陆词21首.     

Archaeology Programs at the Palestinian Universities: Reality and Challenges

Over the past three centuries, Palestine, a country rich in historic and archaeological sites, has drawn many archaeologists, historians, scholars, clergymen, adventurers and treasure seekers, all wishing to study or, at times, to exploit the cultural heritage of the land. Historically, these Westerners have enjoyed the intellectual and financial fruits of their explorations, while the native population was traditionally relegated to the role of simple laborers in the field-work. Until 1977, when the President of Birzeit University, with the support of the Director of the W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research in Jerusalem, founded the archaeology program at Birzeit University, there was no indigenous institution dedicated to the preservation, protection and study of Palestine’s cultural heritage. Since then, four additional Palestinian universities—al-Quds University, an-Najah National University, Hebron University and the Islamic University of Gaza—have developed archaeological programs designed to train qualified professionals committed to the management, preservation, restoration and conservation of cultural resources throughout Palestine. Yet, despite the tireless efforts of countless dedicated men and women at these institutions, there exist numerous political, economic, social and bureaucratic obstacles that greatly diminish the operational effectiveness of these programs and, as a consequence, further jeopardize the future of Palestinian cultural heritage resources. The purpose of this analysis is to diagnose the actual efficacy of these programs so that Palestinian stakeholders and policymakers may develop legislative and bureaucratic remedies which will ensure the continued protection and preservation of the Palestinian cultural heritage.     

Keith Muckelroy: Methods, Ideas and Maritime Archaeology

Between his graduation from the Department of Archaeology at Cambridge University in 1974 and his death in 1980, Keith Muckelroy’s work and ideology were crucial in promoting an alternative research methodology in maritime archaeology. Instead of a particularist or historiographic approach, methods prominent both then and now, Muckelroy’s methodology was grounded in the foundations of the prehistoric archaeology he learned under Grahame Clark and David Clarke at Cambridge, and the basic tenets of New Archaeology maturing in the United States during the 1970s. This paper, which elucidates Muckelroy’s methods and research, is neither a complete biography nor an exhaustive study of his ideas. Although unpublished letters, papers and notes were studied in archives at Cambridge University and the National Maritime Museum, there is still much more to be learned from many of his former colleagues and their memories—only a handful of those individuals were consulted during the creation of this work. Nevertheless, this paper was written in the hope that by understanding Muckelroy’s ideas, and placing them in the larger framework of the discipline of archaeology, maritime archaeologists who are attempting to pursue a variety of approaches may find inspirations, models and, perhaps, questions that still need to be answered.