20世纪50年代农民业余文化教育述论

农民业余文化教育的主要目的是扫除文盲。20世纪50年代的扫盲运动经历了"速成识字法"的推广和"扫盲协会"的成立两个高潮,采取的主要形式是冬学和民校。业余文化教育提高了农民的文化知识水平,是农村社会变迁的重要原因之一。同时扫盲过程中也存在一些不足:扫盲工作认识观念存在偏差,文化学习很难与农民的切身经济利益直接挂钩,师资素质较低,办学经费匮乏,人口流动频繁。     

Relict Soils and Early Arable Land Management in Lofoten, Norway

Relict arable soils dating fromc.AD700 provide an opportunity to identify early arable land management practices in the agriculturally marginal landscapes of the Lofoten archipelago, northern Norway. Synthesis of field survey and soil thin section micromorphology supported by image analysis suggests that there was deliberate management of erodible sandy soils in sloping locations to create small areas of cultivation terrace, with a range of materials used as soil amendments to stabilize the accumulated soil and enhance fertility. Small areas of sandy soils in more gently sloping locations were also cultivated, again with a range of materials used as amendments and which contributed to a significant increase in soil thickness. The last phase of cultivation commenced during the late 1800s and involved the reclamation of wetter, peaty soils by spade. These patterns of arable land management are repeated in different parts of Lofoten and indicate that despite the climatic and economic marginality of arable activity in Lofoten, land management practices were developed and applied to permit barley production from small areas.     

社会地位补偿与海外移民捐赠——广东五邑侨乡与海南文昌侨乡的比较分析

论文从社会学视角,对广东坎镇与海南文镇两个移民群体公共文化事业的捐赠活动进行了比较研究,认为海外移民对于侨乡公共文化事业的捐赠与其社会地位补偿密切相关,提出了＂社会地位补偿＂的解释范式。广东坎镇移民流向主要为美国、加拿大等经济发达国家,移民群体社会地位落差较大。他们的捐赠活动,不仅能够补偿他们某种身份及归属感的缺失,而且还能够获得一种额外的社会声誉。这种移民的补偿心态使得坎镇侨乡的公共文化事业出现了繁荣发展的盛况;而海南文镇移民流向主要是东南亚国家,经历了从＂华侨＂到＂华人＂的身份转变,祖籍地与移居地的经济差距缩小导致移民补偿成本升高,侨乡地方社会所构建的补偿体系对移民的吸引力在逐渐减弱,从而导致文镇公共文化事业出现衰落的发展态势。     

当代德国史学界国际关系史研究新趋势

近年来,德国史学界的国际关系史研究发生了一系列变化,其研究内容不仅仅包括传统的外交关系,而且也包括国家和非国家行为人跨民族、跨文化的交往。虽然强调文化的重要性的观点只在小范围内得到贯彻,但是对外交官身边的人的研究、对正式外交关系建立之前的前外交活动的研究日益增多。以往有关国家关系研究主要是以欧洲为中心的,现在,欧洲国家同欧洲以外的"异文化边缘共同体"的关系也被列入国际史学研究的日程表了。     

Cosmopolitan nationalism: ordinary people making sense of diversity†

ABSTRACT. This article challenges the theoretical opposition between nationalism and cosmopolitanism with empirical research on the ways in which a group of ordinary Australians talked about multiculturalism in the 1980s and again in the 2000s. It shifts attention from identity work to the understanding of day‐to‐day social relations: it finds that they are strongly nationalist and yet also display a cosmopolitan embrace of the benefits of cultural diversity. They draw on the inclusionary resources of Australian nationalism and its history to strengthen their cosmopolitanism and calm their anxieties about living with diversity. Their commonsense conceptualising of Australia's contemporary multicultural society in terms of a mix of individuals rather than an ensemble of groups is crucial to understanding why cultural diversity has been embraced within the framework of the nation.     

From revolutionary heroism to cultural heritage: museums,memory and representation in Laos

ABSTRACT. Museum exhibitions in Laos represent two main strands of Lao national identity discourse. First, they glorify the ‘liberation struggle’ of the so‐called ‘Lao multiethnic people’ under the leadership of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, and therefore serve as important ideological tools for the current regime's self‐legitimisation. Second, they display the history and cultural heritage of the Lao nation, providing the postcolonial state with a narrative of historical continuity and civilisation that is focused mostly on the dominant ethnic Lao culture. This article explores the contradictions within official images of the Lao nation‐state and how these opposing strands of national identity compete or interact. Museums as key arenas of ideological tensions constitute illuminating fields of research on discourses of national identity in Laos.     

文博考古学科类属关系梳理

目前,在教育部学科分类体系和国家标准学科分类标准中,文博考古学科类属关系不统一。文物学始终没有获得科学界正式承认,给高校学科建设造成一定影响;考古学新升为一级学科,意味着"考古学与博物馆学"研究生专业名称面临调整,由此将出现"文化遗产与博物馆学"的二级学科;而将本科专业名称"博物馆学"改为"文物与博物馆学",又将使其与"文化遗产"学科分类不相同步。因此,文博考古学科类属关系需要统一,相关的专业名称与学科名称也应该一致。     

关于博物馆文化衍生产品开发的认识与思考

文化衍生产品的开发工作是博物馆文化产业体系中的核心环节,目前在我国尚处于起步阶段,其理念、体制、资金、政策、模式等均有待思考与探索。只有根据我国博物馆的具体实情,借鉴国外博物馆的成功经验及运作模式,革新理念,遵循正确的开发原则,掌握科学的开发方法,才能形成品种齐全、种类多样、特色鲜明、优势突出、富有竞争力的博物馆文化衍生产品体系。     

Between Desire and Routine: Assembling Environment and Finance in Carbon Markets

Abstract: This article contributes to emerging research on the social construction of carbon markets by focusing on the mobilisation of desire amongst carbon market actors, and on the routinisation of financial practices within such markets. We examine specifically the markets that have emerged around the Clean Development Mechanism. First, we look at the stories market actors tell each other in advertising and at Carbon Expo. Second, we look at the routinisation of carbon finance through the borrowing of ideas and tools from traditional financial markets. We suggest that the former animates the markets while the latter enables the markets to become “normalised” for financiers. We also suggest that the two aspects however also work in tension with each other, and that the character of this tension is one way of understanding the distinctiveness of carbon markets.     

发挥高校档案功能 促进校园文化建设

高校档案作为高校发展历史的积淀和原始记录,具有与生俱来的文化内涵与品格,它兼备文化积淀功能、文化传承功能、文化教育功能和文化创新功能。利用高校档案为校园文化建设服务是建设校园文化的一条重要渠道,也是高校档案工作义不容辞的责任。