“进奏院赛神会”与会人员考

“进奏院案”是庆历四年惊动朝野的大案,当时许多新进之士卷入到其中。然“进奏院赛神会”与会人员具体有哪些,却是历来记载不一。本先对《续资治通鉴长编》中所载人员进行考辨。再就所见资料,补入可能的参加陆经、孙甫及梅尧臣三人。     

Mold-deteriorated archaeological Egyptian papyri: Biodeteriogens,monitoring the deterioration,and treatment approach

Fungi play a critical role in the deterioration of ancient papyri due to their organic and hygroscopic nature. Fourteen fungal species belonging to five genera—Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Talaromyces, and Ulocladium—were isolated and identified from 20 Egyptian papyrus artifacts located at the Grand Egyptian Museum—Conservation Center (GEM-CC). The biodeterioration mechanism was evaluated by two analyses: cellulase enzyme activity and acid production assay. The isolated fungus P. lanosum showed potent biodeterioration power as it exhibited the highest enzymatic activity and could produce acid as well. Four different analyses were performed to assess the entity of the biodeterioration phenomenon: scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, colorimetry, and pH measurements. The analyses demonstrated considerable changes in surface morphology, chemical structure (mainly represented by oxidation and hydrolysis of infected papyrus samples), darkness of the papyrus samples (ΔE 3.84–7.33), and pH (which dropped to 5.2 in the case of A. niger-infected sample. This article builds a preliminary perception for monitoring the biodeterioration of archaeological papyri and a trial for in vitro treatment to prevent further degradation, which may lead to loss of our valuable artifacts over a prolonged period.     

Methodological problems in the analysis of fossil non-artifactual wood assemblages from archaeological sites

The analysis of fossil wood fragments is often undertaken in relation to the archaeological excavation of a site. However, such analysis does not yet appear to have the strong methodological foundation that the investigation of many other classes of palaeoenvironmental evidence (e.g. seeds and pollen) have. Consequently, it is difficult to evaluate the value of fossil wood analysis at an archaeological site. Using data regarding non-artifactual wood assemblages at one site in southern Scotland, the relative merits of possible analysis are described and discussed. The results from such analyses tend to fall into two broad groups: (I) those of relatively high reliability, and (2) those of relatively low reliability. The results in the former group are often based on moderately secure methodology and tend to provide relatively non-interpretative information (e.g. species lists). On the other hand, those in the latter group are more often based on insecure interpretive methodology and provide relatively more stimulating information, such as evidence for prehistoric woodland management. There are many reasons for this situation, and these are discussed. In conclusion, it is argued that to increase the reliability of results in the second group (in particular), a full understanding of the taphonomy of non-artifactual fossil wood assemblages is needed, and that once this is available attention can then be paid, as elsewhere in environmental archaeology, to the problems of providing statistically valid samples for analysis.     

Development of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay based on the monoclonal antibody of Bombyx mori to detect ancient silk

Identifying the traces and residues of unearthed silk fibres is crucial for further analysis and study. In this study, an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the monoclonal antibodies specific to Bombyx mori fibroin was developed in order to for detect ancient silk. Five monoclonal antibodies were successfully prepared based on fibroin hydrolysate, and four had a high specificity for mulberry silk. Furthermore, they could be used to discern B. mori fibre from tussah fibre and eri fibre. The ELISA standard curve of the most sensitive monoclonal antibody, anti‐Silk Fibroin (SF)‐3, was y = 0.022x + 0.177 (R² = 0.998), and the detection limit was 4.65 ng/ml. Using this antibody, we successfully identified five ancient mulberry silk samples from different time periods. The results suggest that ELISA assays based on monoclonal antibodies can be used as an immunological testing method for unearthed silk fibre.     

An empirical examination of shift-share instruments

Bartik's (1991, 1993) approach to identifying shocks in demand to regional economies has been used extensively for nearly 30 years. We chronicle the development of Bartik-type shift-share instruments and examine the empirical performance of alternative versions that use different combinations of national shift and local share variables in their construction. We offer three main findings. First, instruments constructed from shares that omit employment in nontraded sectors empirically dominate versions that include total employment. Second, industrial sectors with high average shares and low variation across areas are more likely to be nontraded and endogenous. This suggests placing large weights on nontraded sector shares worsens both relevance and potential endogeneity. Finally, we demonstrate national shifters other than employment, such as prices and wages, can be used to construct instruments with unique and relevant explanatory power.     

Ideological others and national identifications in contemporary Poland

Sexual minorities in Poland are excluded from the traditional understanding of “Polishness” premised on conservative, Catholic values. This article examines how ethnic Polish citizens who identify as non‐heteronormative navigate their relationship to “Polishness” at a moment of heightened nationalism. Through 31 interviews with Polish sexual minorities, I show that while national identification is a struggle for some sexual minorities, others work to reframe what “Polishness” means to them. I argue for further research examining the ways that stigmatised members of the ethnic majority—what I term ideological others—understand and navigate their relationship to national identity. The study contributes to the literature on everyday nationhood and national identity by attending to national identification among stigmatised members of the ethnic majority.     

荆州博物馆文物展陈环境空气中真菌数量及其群落特征

存在于空气中的微生物种类极其丰富,空气中有害微生物对文物安全和游客健康构成威胁,国内外博物馆均开展了馆内空气微生物的研究。为研究荆州博物馆文物展陈环境空气中真菌数量及种群分布,调查潜在的有害微生物,采用自然沉降法对3个展柜及其所在的展厅进行空气真菌采样。对分离到的真菌菌株进行形态和分子鉴定,并分析群落分布特征。结果显示:展厅中真菌数量范围为17～74 CFU/m~3,展柜中真菌数量在12～21 CFU/m~3之间,青铜器和木漆器的展柜中真菌数量显著低于展厅(P0.05);纺织品展柜和展厅中真菌数量无显著性差异(P0.05)。共发现19属真菌,展柜空气中分离出8属真菌,展厅空气中分离出17属真菌。枝孢属(Cladosporium)和小球腔菌属(Leptosphaeria)分别占真菌总数的24.76%、22.86%,为优势真菌。枝孢属普遍存在于展厅和展柜中,小球腔菌属主要存在于展厅中,卵形孢霉(Oospora)和链格孢属(Alternaria)真菌为展柜特有菌。总体而言,荆州博物馆展陈环境中展厅真菌数量和种类多于展柜,木漆器展厅真菌数量最高,种类最丰富。博物馆展厅和展柜在6月和7月温度、相对湿度有利于真菌类微生物滋长,枝孢属和小球腔菌属作为展陈环境中优势菌属,在适宜的环境下,容易大规模生长,对文物或人体具有一定危害,可采取空气消毒措施。该研究结果对了解馆内空气污染现状,保护游客健康和文物安全具有重要的现实意义,可为馆藏文物的预防性保护提供科学依据。     

产业集群的识别与选择分析——基于陕西省产业集群的研究

产业集群现已成为发展区域经济和增强区域竞争力最有效的途径之一。然而,如何识别和选择产业集群则是困扰决策者和研究者的主要技术问题。本文在分析国内外产业集群相关研究方法的基础上,以陕西省为例,综合应用LQ法和基于投入产出表的主成分分析法,尝试性地进行了区域产业集群的识别与选择研究,结论显示LQ法和基于投入产出表的主成分分析法可以很好地体现产业集群的"空间联系"和"功能联系"。     

太仓半泾河古船船体用材鉴定与分析

为做好太仓半泾河古船保护修复工作、了解古船造船工艺及用材习惯,对船体龙骨、隔舱板、舱底板、侧板、船尾挡板、斜撑木、补强材、桅座和护舷板等31个样品的树种进行了鉴定。结果表明:太仓古船用材包括杉木(38.7%)、香樟(32.3%)、硬松(16.1%)、枫香(9.7%)和柏木(3.2%)等5个树种。经分析,古船用材均广泛分布于中国南方,其性能适合作为船体用材,说明古人造船就地取材但不单一选材。船体树种鉴定结果有利于后期针对性地进行船体保护工作。